Ideas and Values Shape Who You Become in Society Essay

Most people strive to have a good social standing and the ideas and values they hold on to can often influence their place in society. Society dictates which ideas and values will be accepted and which will be rejected. The values that stick with us the most are usually taught to us as children and help to influence who we become. In â€Å"Girl† and â€Å"Good People†, the characters were raised to have religious values and to behave in a way that will make it easy for them to fit into their society. The main characters in these stories had their values imposed on them at a young age, and helped to shape who they’ve become and how they behave in society. Read more: Good people by David Foster Wallace  essay Religion is a cornerstone for the characters in both stories. They are taught what is acceptable in their religion, in this case Christianity, and realize certain actions could alienate them from their social groups. In â€Å"Girl†, the girl is given specific instructions on how to behave, including â€Å"don’t sing benna in Sunday school† (Kincaid, 120). She is taught that singing folk music on the Lord’s day is improper, and even though she â€Å"doesn’t sing benna on Sundays at all and never in Sunday school† (120), she is explicitly told a few times not to do it. There, it is important for her to be on her best behavior. On Sundays she is shown she must â€Å"try to walk like a lady and not the slut you are so bent on becoming† (120) because how she is perceived on Sundays can be detrimental to her public image. In â€Å"Good People† Lane A. Dean Jr and his girlfriend Sheri’s values weigh heavily on their thoughts as they consider their options when making a momentous decision. The two are very religious and â€Å"they’d prayed on it and talked it through from every different angle† (Wallace, 152). They are worried about how their society will perceive them and if they are still good people if they go through with having an abortion and never really mention the word in conversation. Even  on the phone they speak â€Å"in a kind of half code in case anybody accidentally picked up the extension† (153). Neither of them goes to a friend or even religious leaders to talk about their situation, â€Å"not Pastor Steve or the prayer partners at campus ministries, not his UPS friends or the spiritual counselling available through his parents’ old church† (152) because they are ashamed. Specifically, Lane feels â€Å"like he knew now why it was a true sin and not just a leftover rule from past society† (152). In â€Å"Girl† and â€Å"Good People†, the main character’s religious values have an affect on who they are in society, a good person or someone â€Å"who gets to touch the bread† (Kincaid, 121). Even though Lane Dean and Sheri had made the appointment, they were still uncertain of their decision. Lane knew he couldn’t make up his girlfriend’s mind because â€Å"he knew if he was the salesman of it and forced it upon her that was awful and wrong† (Wallace, 152) and he knows it isn’t his place to make a decision for her. However, he wishes he could know what Sheri is thinking and â€Å"get her to open up and say enough back that he could see her and read her heart and know what to say to get her to go through with it† (152). Sheri knows Lane Dean is a good person, and that he respects her enough to know he cannot force her to side with him, but he still wishes he could persuade her to have the abortion. Ultimately, it is Sheri’s decision to have the abortion, or cancel the appointment. Similarly, included in the long list of instructions in â€Å"Girl† is â€Å"how to make a good medicine to throw away a child before it even becomes a child (Kincaid, 120), so the girl can decide for herself whether or not to have an abortion. Beside how to make medicine, the girl is taught other gender specific lessons that include cooking, sewing, laundry, and grocery shopping. She needs to learn how to sew in order to hem a dress â€Å"so to prevent yourself from looking like the slut I know you are so bent on becoming† (120) and looking indecent in public. All of these instructions are aimed to make it easier for the girl to find a husband by teaching her â€Å"how you set a table for dinner with an important guest†¦ how to behave in the presence of men who don’t know you very well† (120). Understanding of gender roles and how to behave around men, or be a wife, are important lessons for the girl to learn in order to survive in her society. Class affiliation plays a role in the upbringing of the girl. She is instructed to â€Å"wash the white clothes†¦ and put them on the stone heap†(119) and â€Å"when buying cotton to make yourself a nice blouse, be sure that it doesn’t have gum on it†(119-120) because it doesn’t matter which social class she belongs to, she still needs to have clean, well-made clothes. Sewing is a useful skill for her, because she cannot afford clothes that are already made, or even premade fabric. Harsh words and phrases that are repeated throughout the story such as â€Å"slut† and â€Å"wharf-rat boy† accentuate the point that there is a certain way for her to behave in society and that if she acts like a slut or associates with wharf-rat boys, people will view her as being lower than them. Unlike the girl, Lane A. Dean Jr seems to belong to the upper middle class based on his name, and the fact that he attends junior college while living at home with his parents. He was named after his father, and perhaps this close affiliation with the patriarch of his family makes him apprehensive of confiding in his parents about his situation. He is close with his mother as well, and she thinks Sheri is â€Å"good people†¦she made this evident in little ways† (150). Lane is worried their decision and their sins mean they will no longer be viewed as good people to the people in their upper class society and knows Sheri â€Å"can neither [have an abortion] today nor carry a child alone and shame her family† (155). Trying to fit in to society, whether upper or lower class can be an arduous task with many lessons to learn and roles to play. Knowing your place and where you fit in determines your success. The ideas and values imprinted on youth to build character and deter bad behavior allow them to conform to society. Works Cited Mays, Kelly J. ed. _The Norton Introduction to Literature._ Portable 11th ed. New York: Norton, 2013. Print. Kincaid, Jamaica. â€Å"Girl.† Mays 119. Print. Wallace, David Foster. â€Å"Good People.† Mays 149. Print.

Dracula & gothic genre Essay

Novels of the Gothic genre, like ‘Dracula’, are often set in big old castles or ruins. In this novel there is the setting of Dracula’s castle. This is an old castle in the middle of ‘one of the wildest and least known portions of Europe’. It is on the edge of a precipice and seems to be very grand. Harker describes it in his journal, ‘The castle is on the very edge of a terrible precipice. A stone falling from the window would fall a thousand feet without touching anything! ‘ This description of the castle makes it seem very quiet, rural and frightening. The sheer height of the castle would scare people. Stoker chooses his adjectives very carefully in ‘Dracula’, here he uses the adjective ‘terrible’ which sums up the gothic nature of the setting. There is also part of the novel set in a Whitby. Here there is a big ruined abbey and an open coastline. It is a dramatic seaside town. Stoker obviously chose it carefully to stress the full force of the weather and uneasy feelings of Mina. The weather in itself creates a scene of a gothic genre. There is a big storm approaching in chapter six and at the end of the chapter we get the very beginning of the storm. The weather was not easily explained at the time when ‘Dracula’ was written so this would give the reader unease and increase the fear. The Count participates greatly as an element of the gothic genre. His appearance is revolting and makes Harker ‘shudder’. ‘His eyebrows were very massive, almost meeting over the nose, and with bushy hair that seemed to curl in its own profusion. The mouth, so far as I could see it under the heavy moustache, was fixed and rather cruel-looking, with peculiarly sharp white teeth; these protruded over the lips, whose remarkable ruddiness showed astonishing vitality in a man of his years. For the rest his ears were pale and at the tops extremely pointed. ‘ Dracula’s pointed ears remind us of wolves which are often used in gothic novels. His mouth is ‘cruel-looking’ and his teeth are odd. Dracula also wears a cloak which has monotones of bats which are often linked to the gothic genre. He is also capable of controlling the wolves that he calls ‘the children of the night’. Wolves are often seen to be very scary as they come out at night and are generally vicious animals.

Global Supply Chain Management

Global Supply Chain Management ERP Business Administration , 3rd year Project by Arhire Alexandru Coordonating professor Pavaloaia Daniel Contents Introduction3 Chapter 1. Issues within the Global Supply Chain Management System4 Chapter 2. Global Supply Chains Management – Company Strategies5 Chapter 3. Global Supply Chain Model6 Chapter 4. The virtualization of Global Supply Chain Management8 Chapter 5. Conclusions10 References11 Introduction In order to understand what global supply chain management is we must first become familiar with the concept of supply chain management. The supply chain management is the network of services, material and information flow that link a firm’s customer relations, order fulfillment and supplier relations processes to those of its suppliers and customers. It is the science of developing a strategy to motivate, control and organize the resources involved in the flow of services and materials within the supply chain†. Nowadays, mo re and more companies source globally, sell globally, or compete with some other company that is involved in such activities. Thus, global supply chain management (GSCM) represents a central area of focus for many businesses and business schools today. Although the extraordinary growth of GSCM attests to its robustness and practical importance, the field is diffuse and complex. Many methods and perspectives on GSCM have emerged from logistics, operations, marketing, management, economics, sociology, personnel, information systems, and international relations. Their diversity and rapid growth make it hard to keep abreast of significant developments. Moreover, many of these approaches have evolved with relative independence, paying little attention to how they relate to existing methods or interrelate with each other.This makes it difficult to accumulate wisdom in the field and to develop a coherent knowledge base to guide research and practice. † Many businesses have found â₠¬Å"global supply chain management† to be an important issue when trying to outsource in regions across their borders. This can be explained by the increase in globalization. To outsource on a global level is difficult because it involves doing business with a variety of companies and suppliers which have their own codes of business conducts and various perspectives on business ethics; mainly on how to trade internationally.Global Supply Chain Management involves two big concepts: the supply chain management concept which was discussed above and the concept of globalization. This concept infers the cross-border movement of good and the emergence of global competitors and opportunities across competing supply chains with an industry. However, the current trend towards the globalization of supply chain management leaves many managers confused. Managers often question the differences between a global market and a single market, in that many of the same conditions exist in both.Alt hough this may be true, the complexities of cross-border operations are exponentially greater than in a single country, and the ability to compete in the global environment often depends on understanding the subtleties that emerge only in cross-border trade—that is, in â€Å"Global Supply Chain Management†. Chapter 1. Issues within the Global Supply Chain Management System For companies to operate on a global level is no easy task. There are many complications that arise from trying to do business across borders. 1. The first issue it faces is the costs and expenses of doing business â€Å"across borders†.Dealing with international business is a difficult task because it involves many types of different businesses in many countries. Costs for the company may involve: renting the required space, state taxes, transportation and others. â€Å"Additionally, companies need to factor in the exchange rate. Obviously, companies must do their research and give serious c onsideration to all of these different elements as part of their global supply management approach. † 2. The second factor that can put a dent into â€Å"global supply management† is the necessary time to conduct all the activities when dealing with this issue. The productivity of the overseas employees and the extended shipping times can either positively or negatively affect the company's lead time, but either way these times need to be figured into the overall procurement plan†. There are multiple factors that can influence the amount of time spent when doing business overseas, factors like: the delay of a shipment due to bad weather conditions, this can also influence the production process, or the time it takes for the merchandise to get clearance through customs.When dealing with the issue of â€Å"global supply chain management† the expression â€Å"time is money† takes a bigger and more literary meaning. 3. Another factor that managers tend t o consider important when dealing overseas is the place where you chose to do business. Some companies may choose technologically developed countries for the obvious reasons: information travels faster, the production process can be sped up and so can the shipment process. Other companies may choose poorer countries just due to the fact that the labor in those types of countries is cheap.And some companies might want to keep their activities somewhere closer to the main headquarters in order to reduce costs and expenses. 4. Probably one of the most pressing issues is that global supply chain managers deal with is the selection of the suppliers. It is a difficult task to try and get the ideal supplier because there are many and making a comparison between them is very difficult due to various issues like being pressured by time or trying to choose the cheapest supplier due to insufficient funds. A company must take its time when choosing the suppliers ost fitted for them and must ana lyze from all perspectives: quality, price, reputation, promptitude and many others. Taking the time to make a thorough research for suppliers on the market should be one of the main priorities of a company. 5. Another issue that can arise in â€Å"global supply chain management† is of logistic nature. Companies that choose to ship their products overseas can encounter issues such as: how many factories or plants does it need? How many suppliers are needed to ensure a fast manufacturing process in order to meet the market demand? Where should the company export their goods and why? For example, if a business uses a number of vendors around Bangalore, India than it may make sense to locate the manufacturing plant that would utilize those supplies in or around Bangalore as well. Not only will this provide lower employee costs, but overall shipping and tariff expenses should also be reduced. This would then save the company money†. Chapter 2. Global Supply Chains Managemen t – Company Strategies For a company to go global is always a difficult and long-term task. It has to face a lot of risks and issues that arise from trying to accomplish such a goal.When faced with the questions of what are the most challenging aspects of going global for a supply chain, managers and executives tend to reffer to the following: * Total resources required to manage supply chain * Recruitment and retention of sufficient local talent * Integration of IT systems between the company and vendors * Degree to which central manageement was required * Degree to which local management was required * Identification and implementation of risk-management strategy * Grater difficulty of managing safety and/or quality Speed at which competitive advantages from extending operations to low-cost markets evened out across us and our competitors * Infrastructure to support local workforce It is inveitable that when a company chooses to go global that it should face these challenge s. Many of them represent a great risk while others are technologically based. Technological development for a company is a key factor for success because especially nowadays, a company that has it’s own IT department and systems can easily gain a competitive advantage. Another important challenge that a company is faced with, is the recruitment of employees.When expanding to different territories finding talented people to work for the company can be a huge challenge. The company may need to transport capable employees from the mother company to new locations in order to ensure a good start for it’s activities in that area. This is why companies need to form a solid strategy for their supply chain and try to prioritize their goals. For example in a research done by McKenzy ; Company in 2008 have shown that the primary strategic goals that companies focus on are: * Reducing costs * Improving customer service Getting new products/services to market faster * Improving pr oduct quality * Reducing comapny’s carbon footprint * Maintaining majority of employees in home region The companies that are trying to emphasise on reducing costs the most are the companies that operate in developing or emerging markets. McKinsey ; Company also says that „perhaps comapnies in countries such as China are trying to anticipate the effect of rising costs (including labor costs and appreciating currencies) on the competitive advantages they currently enjoy as low-cost manufactureres†.The conclusion here is that if companies want to succeed on foreign markets they must develop strong strategies for market penetration, the speed to which the products arrive at the disposal of the customers, hiring competent personel and lowering costs. Chapter 3. Global Supply Chain Model In order for a company to be able to adapt to the everchanging global markets and to manage to keep up with the technological advances it mus have a sound „global supply chain mo del†. Researchers say that in order for a company to succeed it must have a „model of global supply chain agility†. Researchers ike Patty Swafford, Dr. Soumen Ghosh and Dr. Nagesh Murthy, define in their paper intitled „A Model of Global Supply Chain Agility and its Impact on Competitive Performance†, the concept of „global supply chain agility† as „a measure of the supply chain’s ability to efficiently adapt to a rapidly changing global competitive environment to provide and/or services†. They also state that „global supply chain agility† is determined by four componenets of flexibility, which are: * The flexibility of product development * The flexibility of sourcing * The flexibility of manufacturing * The flexibility of logisticsThey also state that „an organization’s information technology flexibility and its industry’s global competitive environment influence its level of global chain agility†. (Patty Swafford, Dr. Soumen Ghosh, Dr. Nagesh Murthy). An example of a practical „global supply chain management† model could be: Chapter 4. The virtualization of Global Supply Chain Management If a long time ago business was conudcted in the old fashioned way, like face to face trading, nowadays it is not required to physically be preasent when closing a deal or trading goods or services. This is mainly because of the Internet.This amazing invention which revolutionized how the entire world works, has rapidly made its way into the world of business and changed it forever. The birth of the Internet has brought to the business world instruments such as „E-business† or „E-commerce† which basicly means „the use of Interned-based computing and communications to execute both front-end and back-end business processes†. With the help of the Internet, comapnies can obtain a greater visibility outside their own borders on what i s happening with their activities and the activities of competitors and thus are able to quickly respond to changes in the market.The adoption of „e-business† can mean, for companies, a better global supply chain with the reductions of costs and expenses, the increase in flexibility and faster reactions in time. Hau L. Lee and Seunjing Whang, say in their paper intiteled „E-Business and Supply Chain Integration† that „ over the past decade a combination of economic, technology and market forces has compelled companies to examine and reinvent their supply chain strategies. Some of these forces include the globalization of business the proliferation of product variety, increasing complexity of supply networks and the shortening of the product life cycles.To stay competitivem enlightened comapnies have strived to achieve greater coordination and collabroation among supply chain partners in an approach called „supply chain Integration†Ã¢â‚¬ . T his means that the Internet plays an important role and will continue to play it in the development of the „global supply chain management† and provide fast and reliable ways of integration for the supply chain. The way in which a company conducts „e-business† will be an important factor in the succes of that company.If a company kows how to use the internet for its „back-end† operations like product development and design, procurement of supplies, production process, keeping inventory, distribution channels, services support, marketing and management then it is very much likely that the company will always be at a competitive advantage. Reseachers Hau L. Lee and Seunjing Whang have identified four key dimensions in which the impacts of „e-business† can be found on „supply chain integration†: a. „Information integration†. Which reffers to „the sharing of information among memebers of the supply chain†.If this system is implemented correctly, without the danger of leaking important company secrets to unwanted parties, then the communication between the memebers of a supply chain can be made easier an thus increase the overall performance. b. „Planning synchronization†. Which refers to „the joint design and execution of plans for product introduction, forecasting and replenishment†. This dimension refers to the ability of the supply chain memebers to use the information provided in order to acomplish their plans and meet their objectives. c. Workflow coordination†. It reffers to „streamlined and automated workflow activities between the supply chain partners†. This means to decide on how the provided information can be used and what is the best way to gain the most out of it. In the end it means to achieve efficiency thorugh technology solutions and to automate many of the cross-company workflow stages. d. „New Business Models†. „E-business allows partners to redefine logistics flows so that the roles and responsabilities of memebers may change to improve overall supply chain efficiency†.Taking an „e-business† approach to supply chain integration can mean improvements in effciency but can also spring new opportunities of business for the company that previously were not possible. For example with the help of the Internet a „supply chain network may jointly create new products, pursue mass cutomization and penetrate new markets and customer segments†. In conclusion, „e-business† and „e-commerce† are two powerfull tools for the integration of the global supply chain across a widespread area of industries and countries.Such instruments have the power to enable a faster and realiable cooperation between memebrs of the „global supply chain† and companies that adopt such methods will surely gain and important competitive advantage on the g lobal markets. The sharing of information benefits not only the company that does the sharing but the whole business community, thus establishing a network of „e-business† between companies all over the world is an important step towards the development of business processes and conducts.The internet not only helps develop a company but it also gives it new business oportunities which can enrich its portfolio and make it more attractive to customers. Chapter 5. Conclusions Considering all that has been said in this paper we can safely assume that the core of a business is its supply chain. Thus if the whole world is involved in doing business then we can say that „global supply chain mangement† is the core of the business world and it is what really „makes the world go round†.The main „driver† that stands behind the „wheel† of an efficient „global supply chain management† is without a doubt the Internet and the instrument known as „e-business†. With the help of the Internet companies now can gain real-time visibility into the flow of their good and services, get information on their suppliers, optimize inventory management, reduce transportation and shipping costs, the oportunity to quickly react to a change or shift in the market in order to respond to the customer needs.However, along with these benefits are the challenges that businesses need to overcome when operating globally. These challenges are related to foreign national economies, logistics, cultures, competition, and infrastructure. These challenges give rise to several risks in global supply chains. In the end â€Å"global supply chain management† is the network that opens countries to cross border trading and is an important part in global business. References * Luvai F. Motiwalla, Jeff Thompson, â€Å"Enterprise Systems for Management†, 2nd edition, Chp. 11, pg 327. John T. Metzner, Theodore P. Stank , Matthew B. Myers, â€Å"Why Global Supply Chain Management†. * http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. htm , accessed on the 19th of May 2012. * McKinsey Global Survey Results, â€Å"Managing global supply chains†, pages 5,6,9. * Patty Swafford, Dr. Soumen Ghosh, Dr. Nagesh Murthy, „A Model of Global Supply Chain Agility and its Impact on Competitive Performance†, pg 2. * Hau L. Lee, Seunjing Whang, â€Å"E-business and Supply Chain Integration†, pages 2 and 4. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Luvai F.Motiwalla, Jeff Thompson, â€Å"Enterprise Systems for Management†, 2nd edition, Chp. 11, pg 327. [ 2 ]. John T. Metzner, Theodore P. Stank, Matthew B. Myers, â€Å"Why Global Supply Chain Management† [ 3 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. htm , paragraph 2. [ 4 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_cha in-Global-Management. htm , parahraph 3. [ 5 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. htm , paragraph 4. [ 6 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. htm , paragraph 5. [ 7 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. tm , paragraph 6. [ 8 ]. McKinsey Global Survey Results, â€Å"Managing global supply chains†, pg 9. [ 9 ]. McKinsey Global Survey Results, â€Å"Managing global supply chains†, pg 5. [ 10 ]. McKinsey Global Survey Results, â€Å"Managing global supply chains†, pg 6. [ 11 ]. Patty Swafford, Dr. Soumen Ghosh, Dr. Nagesh Murthy, „A Model of Global Supply Chain Agility and its Impact on Competitive Performance†, pg 2. [ 12 ]. Hau L. Lee, Seunjing Whang, â€Å"E-business and Supply Chain Integration†, pg 2. [ 13 ]. Hau L. Lee, Seunjing Whang, â€Å"E-business and Supply Chain Integration†, pg. 4.

Combating corruption in the developing world Essay

Combating corruption in the developing world - Essay Example Numerous studies have shown that corruption is deep- rooted in most of the developing countries. Most developing countries have mechanisms that encourage the spread of corruption thus making it normal practice in these countries to an extent that those opposed to it are punished. In spite of this complacency, the developing countries have witnessed the impacts of corruption and are fully aware of t its negative effects in the long- run economic progress of a country. As a result, they have taken several measures to reduce or possibly eliminate corruption in their countries. More developing countries have expressed their resolve to combat corruption especially in response to international pressure and initiatives. However, despites notable efforts made there have been minimal real progress recorded in most of developing countries. It is against this background that it is important to discuss the effectiveness of specific policies in combating corruption in developing countries. In order to fight corruption, developing countries have formulated a variety of policies

Waiting for a Delayed Flight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Waiting for a Delayed Flight - Essay Example The implications of such a delay are equally very costly, not only to an individual traveler but also to the flight company as well (Forbes, 2). Flight delays result from such reasons as repair and maintenance of the aircraft, security issues domestically or within the intended destination, issues stemming from the airport crew as well as possible delays in the arrival of the respective aircraft. Other causes may be such as delays in baggage loading, furling, traffic congestion and such natural calamities as unfavorable weather conditions. In the event that such unfortunate occurrences happen, passengers awaiting departure often suffer greatly. The result of delayed flight includes lateness for strategic appointments, failure to meet deadlines as well as losses from delayed delivery of perishable products among others. Besides such losses, individuals often are stranded within the airport and are likely to incur other costs such as in refreshments as well as securing personal accommo dation services in case the delay is beyond a single day. I happened to experience a flight delay in a leading African tourism destination where I spent my summer holiday last year. This formed a memorable experience in my life has never experienced such in my years of air travel. Though accompanied by my parents, I felt so much devastated by the experience because this was the first time I experienced such a delay. The airport had very disturbing loud noises from the landing and taking off air engines, which made me have a very severe headache. My parents decided to take a stroll in the neighborhood of the airport but I was unable to accompany them due to a headache I suffered. They took me to one of the waiting bays where barely anyone else was and left me lodged on a chair as is shown by the picture. This was equally no comfortable as the disturbing noises were still very loud and clear. Moreover, the sight of the landing and taking off planes kept disturbing me as the waiting ba y provided a very clear view of the running lanes.

The Concept of a Trial by a Jury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Concept of a Trial by a Jury - Essay Example In the early case of William Penn and William Mead in 1670, this concept was challenged. William Penn and William Mead had been arrested, charged and tried at the Old Bailey for â€Å"tumultuous assembly† on a Sunday afternoon in London. (Randle, 2001) The jury had refused to convict and the judge in response had ordered the jury sequestered without food or drink or â€Å"so much as a chamber pot, though desired.† (Randle, 2001) Despite this kind of pressure the jurors continued to hold out with the result that they were fined and imprisoned. (Randle, 2001) A juror applied for a writ of habeas corpus and a judge of the King’s Bench ruled that no jury could be penalized for its verdict. (Knight, 1881, 211) Penn and Mead’s trial reflected some of the limitations and constraints on the fundamental concept of a fair and impartial jury as envisaged by the Magna Carta’s mandate for a trial by a jury of one’s peers. If a judge could put pressure on a jury or sanction the jury if it did not decide a case one way, there was no barrier between the government and the ordinary citizen. It is a fundamental concept of jury trials that the individual on trial is judged by the ordinary citizen. It was during the time of Penn’s trial that the American jury system began to establish itself as a protective barrier between the government and the accused man. (American Bar Association) This was particularly popular at a time when Americans regarded British laws as too harsh. In the final analysis, the perpetuation of such a jury is inconsistent with an element of fairness to both the accused and the victim which is an extension of the community at large. Modern jury selection techniques in America today ensure that both sides are well represented by the jury panel. The underlying goal is the selection of a panel that is impartial to both sides. For instance,   the common practice today is for the selection of jurors based on an assessment of their ability to determine the facts and issues objectively,   as opposed to partially or in favour of one side over another.  Ã‚  

Independent research into retailing of (lace wigs) Lacehairwigs.co.uk Essay

Independent research into retailing of (lace wigs) Lacehairwigs.co.uk - Essay Example They have earned the reputation of been more realistic looking and less detectable. To attach the wig to wearer, they are glued to the head scalp and are long lasting. They are resistant to various climatic conditions thus the wearer can swim, shower as well as engage in other activities without causing damage to the wig. Although the lace wig may seem a new idea, it has existed for a very long time now. It was first invented in France by Leguet in the early 19th century (Institute of Textile Technology, 1994). However the patent rights holder of the lace wig is Telier who, after long court battles with other wig creators, won the patents rights custody. Some cultures have embraced wigs so as to protect bald heads from the ultra violet rays of the sun. The European counties embraced a different approach in dealing with wigs. Wigs were worn simply to boost people’s status in the society. In some contemporary societies, wigs are worn as a symbol of respect and mainly found on official proceedings like court cases (Lhboutique, 2010). The lace wigs have been in use for quite a long period now. They have been used by the health practitioners, artists in the entertainment industry, kings, the young as well as the elderly. They have been used for various reasons like health problems, ornamental and others just for fun. In the past the lace wig was mainly worn for prestige as it was expensive thus could not be afforded from the low income earners. The lace wigs have also been worn by people for criminal reasons as the wig creates a new look for the wearer. In the contemporary society, wigs are worn by a range of people all with different motives which range from ornamental to criminal activities. The modern man has resorted to wearing wigs, and in particular the lace wig, instead of natural hair for various reasons. One of the reasons for doing this is health problems especially among cancer patients. Cancer treatment through chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Justice & Institution Building in the UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Justice & Institution Building in the UAE - Essay Example First, Sheikh Zayed brought law and order without a police force through luring the effective tribesmen and the outlaw tribesmen to let them join the tribal chiefdom. Strategically, he then used the former fugitives to arrest the remaining bandits. His approach was allied to the western tradition of justice. His gesture or strategy in eradicating banditry emulated the western systems of community sensitization that involves groundsmen in eliminating crime. At least, a democratic process was incorporated in this initiative, a sign that the leader embraces some of the western techniques of the justice systems. Second, the leaders also bridged the tension between the western rule of law tradition and Islamic customs by embracing diplomatic ways of handling conflicts. In the past, before the leadership of the renewed leader, the sharia laws existed but favored the wealthy families. However, as the term of the leader commenced he revolutionized the approach and considered the poor households in terms of resource distribution. According to the leader, justice for all was a divine injunction and neither the Quran nor the Sharia laws were going to deter people from getting a fair share of the resources that they deserved. Sheikh Zayed also cooled the tension between the two diverse legislative models through holding a more liberal perception about the sharia laws. As opposed to Sunni, who adopted a more radical and irrational system of justice, he introduced goodwill, kindness, compassion and generosity when interpreting the Sharia. In addition, he advocated justice for all as a means of putting things in their right places and establishing a balance between obligation and rights. Furthermore, he ensured justice for all people irrespective of race, nationality, and religion. His perception in combination with the installation of a more formal justice

Investigating the Properties of Oils Coursework

Investigating the Properties of Oils - Coursework Example The cup viscometer measures the kinematic velocity of a fluid and the unit of viscosity measured by such a viscometer is centistokes (Viswanath). Purpose: To determine the viscosity of a given sample of lubricating oil of unknown viscosity, with the help of a Cup Viscometer and different commercially available oils of known viscosity. It can be hypothesized that as the viscosity increases, the flow decreases and thus the efflux time increases, i.e. substances with a higher viscosity would take more time to efflux from the cup viscometer to the beaker. Methodology: In this experiment a cup viscometer will be used to determine the viscosity of a sample of lubricating oil of unknown viscosity. The cup viscometer will first be constructed by using disposable Styrofoam cups and subsequently be used to measure the viscosity. The following equipment will be required to conduct the experiment: Three different types of commonly available oils with known viscosities, viz. Olive Oil Soyabean Oi l Kerosene Oil A sample of the oil whose viscosity is to be determined, viz. lubricating oil Four disposable Styrofoam cups Burette Clamp or stand Four 100 ml graduated Cylinders Four beakers A skewer of uniform diameter to punch holes Scotch Tape An accurate Stopwatch The first part of the experiment is to construct a cup viscometer using disposable Styrofoam cups and calibrating it using oils of known viscosities. Four disposable Styrofoam cups are taken and holes are punched in their bottoms using a skewer of uniform diameter. One should be extremely careful while punching holes in order to ensure that all four holes are of the same diameter. Once the holes have been punched, scotch tape has to be applied at the bottom of all the cups in order to prevent the oil from leaking once it has been poured in to the cups. The cups are then marked as A, B or C, one for each different oil of known viscosity. The next step is the calibration of the cup viscometers prepared. This is achieved via pouring measured quantities (i.e. 60 ml) of the three different oils of known viscosities in to three different cup viscometers. Olive Oil is placed in Cup A, Soyabean Oil in Cup B and Kerosene Oil in Cup C. This can be achieved by using a graduated measuring cylinder to measure out 60 ml of each oil into the respective cups. While filling the graduated cylinders, it should be ensured that the cylinder is placed in a flat horizontal surface, in order to avoid any errors in measurements. Moreover, it is important to remember that most solutions would form a concave meniscus. Thus, while reading a meniscus, the bottom of the meniscus should be read and the meniscus should be kept at eye level in order to avoid parallax errors. Moreover, the meniscus should be read against a uniform background, which can be achieved by placing a white sheet of paper behind the level of the liquid. Once all the cups have been filled, one of the cups (i.e. Cup A) is suspended in a burette clamp and a beaker is placed underneath. The scotch tape is then carefully removed and the stopwatch started in order to time the experiment. The time required for 60 ml of Olive Oil to flow from the cup in to the beaker is recorded. The timing should start immediately after the removal of the scotch tape and should

Harlem Shake Essay Example for Free

Harlem Shake Essay I am going to describe what I saw when I watched the Peanuts Harlem Shake video. The Harlem shake is a dance where one person dances alone for fifteen seconds, then a roomfull of people joins in doing crazy gyrating manically dance movements. Sometimes in costumes with random objects sometimes not. The reason I choose this one is because it reminds me of when I was a child and used to watch the Peanuts. On the stage of an auditorium with purple drapes and a pink wooden floor sets a grand piano. Sitting at this piano is Schreoder, a boy that has yellow hair. He is wearing a purple and black striped shirt and black pants. Behind the piano is Snoopy, a white beagle with black ears. Across the piano from Schreoder is Lucy, a girl. She has black hair and a purple dress. She is laying on the floor with her arm resting on the piano relaxing. Schreoder begins to play the piano and the same time as bass drop music as if he was playing it. Lucy is relaxing at the opposite end of piano. Snoopy starts junping up and down , running in place while his arms are spread open. At first they are oblivious to his dancing. Then they notice looking at him oddling. A few seconds later Snoopy stops tired and panting hard. The a voice over a speakers saysDo The Harlem Shake. Then a whole stage of people are dancing manically. Now Snoopy is on the front of the stage. He now has a red guitar and is playing it like a rock star, then stands it up on its end and is dancing around it. Schreoder continues to play piano. On the stage behind piano is Pigpen, a boy that never baths and has dirty clothes. He is strumming on a cello. You can tell he is dirty from the dirt and dust swirling in the air around him. There are twin girls in purple dresses dancing happily bouncing on one foot to the next waving their hands in the air in the middle of the stage. Charlie Brown, a bald boy wearing a yellow shirt with a zigzag black stripe is standing in the corner not knowing what to think about all the craziness. He is holding a megaphone but never uses it as if hes thinking What am I going to do? and just watches confused. Then bass drop music continues, you hear what sounds like a lion roar. The dancing continues. Also in the front of stand next to Snoopy is a spikey haired boy with a orange shirt. He is bouncing on his toes while shrugging his shoulders moving his head from one side to another. Freda, a natural curly brunette is in the back of the stage. She jumping up and down, arms out in front of her waving them back and forth happily. Next to her is a boy with brown hair and a green shirt. He is walking like a zombie with his arms straight out in front of him, then he switches and does the running man dance. In the middle of stange thes a girl in a green dress with black hair. She is doing a dancing like shes puncing someone while jumping. To the right of her is Linus, a boy who alway carries a banket. He is dancing with blanket in his hands, arms to his side moving them up and down. Sally, a blonde hair girl, wearing a blue dress is doing a dance that resembles the drying yourself with a towel. With Charlie Brown still confused, the music ends and so does the dancing. I do believed that the Peanuts did do the first harlem shake, but without the bass music. The video I watched the dance from was from Charlie Brown Christmas,which was produced in 1965. The harlem shake with the bass music started in 2012, 47 years later.

Independence Is The Freedom Of The Soul

Independence Is The Freedom Of The Soul INDEPENDENCE IS the freedom of the soul, a perception of the mind and a feeling understood by the heart. This freedom, perception and more importantly, this feeling is that of liberation, patriotism, self-dependence and other such things. When all such terms are put together and imposed upon the majority, it is a big responsibility on the youth of that nation and on those who create it. That nation is India. Im proud to be an Indian. How often have you heard that phrase? How often have you heard that phrase and felt the emotion coming through, like a quiver of arrows? Maybe once, maybe twice or maybe you never gave it a thought. Now that is freedom of thought. But, is it any good? However, with the evolving face of the youth of today, the insight levels of the Indian youth is increasing, and for the better. Coming back to those rare instances of pride being linked to our nationality, as a part of our identity, we begin to wonder why each and every one of us doesnt feel that way, every single time our nation is being criticised. Why is it only on the 15th of August or 26th of January we feel Indian? Why does the pride and patriotism towards our motherland only come out during an India-Pakistan cricket match? Why does the sudden realisation of being Indian occur to us only when we watch a movie like Chak De India? Why? Vishruta Mattu, an economics student of LSR College, Delhi gives us a fair idea of a thinking mans perception of freedom, Independence of India from a common mans point of view is not only the sense of belonging, but a sense of contribution and existence in every step that our nation takes. She also believes, We constitute our nation, it does not constitute us. Independence is not our right to express but our right to be heard. Independence is not only smart politics, but being a part of a smarter public. Lastly, she makes a vital point in saying, Independence of our nation is not what we feel, but what we make of it and most importantly, independence is not about rights, but our duties towards the nation. Kannagi Khanna on the other hand, hailing from Ahmadabad preferred to cut it short by saying, Independence to me is having the most important thing in the world, i.e., freedom, without having to own it. With all sorts of different views and perceptions coming through from the young minds of todays India, we had Karan Paul of St. Xaviers College, Kolkata being a little poetic about his viewpoint of the entire process of our Independence. He tries to convey to us that Independence is necessary to us as much as oxygen is, and hence, we must listen to what people have to say and then decide upon whether it is correct or not, or else remain a fool forever. Pooja Maheshwary, who has just finished her schooling from St. Xaviers College, Mumbai, gives us a completely different outlook to independence. How often do we actually think about the sacrifice, the struggle that has gone into obtaining this freedom that were enjoying, other than while studying about it in history class? To be honest, I never do. Independence to me means nothing. Being proud of my country on Independence Day and Republic Day every year has become more than a habit now. However, this needs to change, and fast. Independence is having the freedom of choice in whatever I may do, in whatever I may wish to do, and similarly, freedom with reference to our great heroes is the biggest gift that our forefathers could have ever given us. The very thought that believed in making the future generations see the light of an independent India, was a great vision and expressed the freedom of the mind, believes Dhiman Parekh, a B.A student of Fergusson College, Pune. After covering various viewpoints and ideas of and about Independence, we have Robin Mathew Babu, 19, of Delhi relating Indias Independence to his personal independence. He says, To me, it means the freedom to do what I want without thinking of anything and believing that no one can control the freedom of my expression and creativity. Not being in bondage, so that I can scale heights that I wish to, and that no external factor can control me or my thoughts, but myself. Lastly, Akshata Samant, an aspiring filmmaker, currently nurturing her dream at Symbiosis Institute of Media and Communication, believes, Were independent on a scrap of paper, but not independent in the mind. It may be easy to say that we are the worlds greatest democracy and yet not believe in it. We follow the western trends and feel proud, making our minds greatly dependent on the thinking of the west, and believing in the fact that we are modern. If we were independent, why would most of our countrys major decisions be governed or influenced by various external factors? What good is it to be Independent as a nation, if the mind is a prisoner? With such a lot of brainstorming over Independence and its importance in our lives, it is not difficult to believe that the youth are concerned about the issues of the nation, as long as they are given platforms. The need of todays youth is to be heard, not passed off. The need of todays youth is to be free, not restrained. The need of todays youth is realisation of values and not imposition. The need is not a need, but a want that must be satisfied. August 15. Independence Day. For an average young urban Indian, the day runs pretty much to this schedule: firstly, and most importantly, you hope to hell its not a weekend. If youre in school, you go for the flag-hoisting ceremony, followed by a mind-numbingly boring speech and a tableau of dances to depict national integration. If youre the enthusiastic type, youre probably participating in one of them. We must educate kids about the freedom struggle and Independence. We have to educate them as the environment is no longer what it was for us. In college, you could usually bunk the flag-hoisting, ignore the telecast of the parade from New Delhi on DD (not that you watch the channel, anyway) and bask in the holiday mood. And beginning to work is when an actual severing of all ties with I-Day happens. Because, you see, in college you could still get pulled up for not attending the flag-hoisting. Yes, its Independence Day, dude, for which those freedom-fighter people sacrificed everything to get us the power of choice we take so much for granted. And, can it be said that because we never fought for independence and never paid a price for freedom, the I in I-Day could mean only me and myself? Or, do some of the young people sipping cappuccinos at an outdoor cafe actually feel patriotic? Post-1947, there were the midnights children-born in the dawn of independence, torch-bearers of the ideals that won us this glorious freedom, blessed with promise and ridden with lapsesthe inheritors of that tryst with destiny. That was a generation split down the middle between those who stayed and those who left. Some fought and tried to create an India that could do the freedom fighters proud and others sought Green Cards and work permits in countries that nurtured dreams to fruition and who lived with the memories of a country now long gone. As for us, the children of the midnights children, born into a country already jaded, corrupted and washed clean of the dreams of freedom fighters, we now march to the beat of the cash register. When you read or hear about Gandhi or Nehrus principles, you are inspired, but where does all that fit into our lives? We were raised to think for ourselves and to act on what we thought was best for us. If I can lead my own life, do whatever I want to do and not be judged because this is still a conservative society in so many ways, I would, then, feel independent, says Meghana Manay, 18, studying for a business degree in a Bangalore college. Basically, if I can be left to myself, thats my independence. Independence for us has, unfortunately, come to mean individualism in the worst sense of the word, says Roopa Mathew, 24, who works with a multinational firm in Bangalore. She talks about how the ideals that drove the independence movement have got lost over the years. When you read or hear about the principles of Gandhi or Nehru, you are inspired. But where does that fit into our lives? We take independence for granted and its the circumstances that made us this way, says Shane Witherspoon, 27, an editor with an online publication in Bangalore. Shruti Shwetambari, a 29-year-old media manager in Mumbai, finds that, We have been abusing and misusing freedom and independence. I dont want to play the blame game but it is a complex mixture of our indifference and circumstances. But, the fact also is that we can make our own circumstances. These circumstances, glossed over by an illusion of reality, in a post-liberalisation society where malls and multiplexes and global conglomerates mushroom, have almost completely cut us off from what is actually happening outside of our metros. Independence comes with certain riders, but how can you make people look beyond their immediate needs when that is how we have become? Or even in them. Susan Stanley, 30, who works with an international software firm in Bangalore, says, We take independence for granted because we have never experienced subjugation. And so, their lives in this illusion are led almost parallel to reality and no one seems to really want them to converge. There is corruption and its disgusting.Its also disgusting to see how politicians only care about themselves and make money.And, when you hear about how discrimination happens in rural areas, you feel terrible, says Meghana. But, its a momentary feeling. Once it passes, you get back to thinking about yourself and your own world. Thats how I think weve all grown up-we picture the world to be as it is for us. Not for anyone else. Rajvi Mariwala, 25, a management student in Mumbai, says, Arent we being raised to be the second largest market in the world? With the largest middle class in the world, arent we all being raised to sell a dizzying variety of products to one another? English with a phoren accent and increasing buying power is our wagon to the first world. Roopa agrees: The society we live in now in cities like Bangalore is almost neo-imperialistic. We work in MNCs, shop at malls that sell international brands that are flaunted and eat at chains like McDonalds or Subway. How does this daily routine ever reflect the idea of independence as it was initially conceived? Shane is honest when he says, I have to think about money and about what is important to me. If I can lead my own life, do whatever I want to do and not be judged, I would feel independent. Basically, if I can be left to myself, thats my independence. And I dont think that can change much. Shruti finds that when her generation is labelled as being irresponsible or too materialistic, it is unfair as most of us were never inculcated with a sense of community work or of reaching out to less privileged people. But then, I dont know whether its also our fault for not imbibing these values and maybe we really have just chosen to be escapists. With a 10-year-old daughter, Rhea, Aparajita Singh, a management professional in Mumbai, finds that parents today need to make a conscious effort to educate children about issues like the freedom struggle and independence. My husband and I read to my daughter from Nehrus letters to Indira Gandhi, for example, she says. When role models have changed from Gandhi to John Abraham (whom Rhea and her friends worship), Aparajita talks about the onus on parents, My friends and I have to constantly talk to our children and educate them because the environment is no longer what it was for us. Poverty, discrimination, underprivileged children and downtrodden women-all have become the other face of India to the young, regardless of whether the issues are urban or rural. Its not that my generation is unaware of these problems, we are just not interested in them, other than feeling a little compassion for the people struggling with these issues. But then feeling compassion is of no use if it is not followed by action, says Susan. Shruti links this to the eternal Indian chalta hai attitude-We never pull up our socks and do anything. When you hear about a rape case or see something on TV about atrocities, you feel terrible. But when you switch the channel, you forget, says Malavika, 14, Meghanas sister and a Bangalore high school student. Ajay Balasubramaniam, 26, who works with an IT firm in Bangalore, points out that with 24/7 news channels, internet and sms updates, you are always aware of what is happening. So its not fair to say that we are oblivious to the problems because we cannot be with all this media exposure. Apart from scattered discussions over coffee or on email lists, few people actually get moving to resolve these problems. Yeah, we discuss things, we complain about how nothing changes but were also so immune. We dont want corruption, but what are we doing to stop it? If things dont change, thats also partly our fault, argues Roopa. Shane says that although he would like to do something to help, I fear that the so-called agencies of change could also be corrupt to the core. And, thus, while the heart may be in the right place, the TV channel still gets changed. Meghana reasons that this is because taking an initiative to counter a problem would be a responsibility not many want to shoulder.You appreciate your life more when you hear about these cases but you will have to go out of your way to help, she says. About rural problems, for example, how many of us would actually be okay with staying in villages to help those people? Its like another world completely and we dont even relate to it. They all worry about corruption, about rising crime, about giving children basic necessities like food and clothing and about raising their own children in this society, which is not really a pleasant thought. And one way to set change in motion could be through voting for the right politicians. But, as Shane points out, I dont think any one of us can relate to todays political leaders. They are full of empty promises and look only to make the most money in the short time they are in office. Malavika finds all of them sounding the same and talking about what they think we need, not the real issues. Too many vested interests are ruining the situation today and if we could just have some sort of goal congruence among political parties, it would help, reasons Shruti. Independence and democracy are responsibilities for us. Or, at least, they ought to be, says Rajvi. Patriotism is not just about standing up in a theatre for the national anthem before watching Mallika Sherawat in a steamy scene. The impetus lies with us to realise that not littering the street or demanding accountability from government is also patriotism. Ajay agrees that independence comes with certain riders, but how can you make people look beyond their immediate needs when that is how they have become? He finds that there is nothing at all that connects a young person today to the freedom struggle or even the concept of fighting for independence. History is taught to us in school and college with the intention of writing an exam and nothing more. This is where the true essence of what independent India is really all about is being washed away generation after generation. S. Iyer, 54, who works with a multinational firm in Chennai and has a daughter in her 20s, says his generation was probably so euphoric at the novelty of independence but also so disgusted at events like the Emergency that we got sick of murky politics. He argues that maybe they failed to provide their children with platforms to express patriotism. So, while the young might actually be very patriotic, I think we can be partly blamed for not guiding them towards the right channels of expression. And over the years, 1857 becomes just another date to be mugged up and Dandi becomes one more dot to be plotted on a map-learn up as much as you need to make the passing grade. Whoever else is not mentioned in those textbooks and whatever fact is not a question on the exam really does not matter. Just dont flunk the exam. This was a point driven well home by the sight of a 10-year-old on television some years ago, being asked by an anchor, Who wrote Vande Mataram? And the smug answer, given very confidently, was A.R. Rehman. Shane and Susan find that to many Indians, sadly, I-Day has become one more holiday with nothing to set it apart. And it is just that to them, too. Coming from a family that was entirely involved in the independence movement, however, Shruti says, In small towns, one sees a flag hoisted on top of every house on August 15, and Ive heard children humming patriotic songs-its like a festival. But in a city like Bombay, maybe it is just a history lesson with students saying khud to mar gaye aur chod gaye ek chapter humare liye(they themselves died, but left us another chapter to learn). Ajay is fascinated by how one mans dream actually became freedom for millions and can never think of it as just another day off work.This was a country where there were signs saying Dogs and Indians not allowed. And to be where we are now how can anyone miss the significance of Independence Day, asks Shruti. I do feel very patriotic on August 15. Because when I study about the independence struggle in class, I feel really moved by everything those people gave up and how they had to fight. I really appreciate it because without them, we may still have been ruled by the British, says Malavika. But what can I really do to celebrate independence on that day apart from being present at the flag-hoisting? And so, at some point during August 15, either while watching the tricolour unfold, or while standing up to sing the national anthem, or catching a glimpse of the defence regiments marching past the President, or seeing the little kids selling plastic flags at traffic signals, or listening to the FM station play Ai Mere Pyare Watan, your heart does swell with pride. But then, the moment passes. You bought the flag and tucked it on your windscreen. Jai Hind. Now lets go get a latte.

Concept Of Economic Base And Superstructure Sociology Essay

Concept Of Economic Base And Superstructure Sociology Essay In Marxist theory of history, existence of human life depends upon economic activity. This activity is determined by the combination of superstructure and substructure/base. The notion of Base-Superstructure is mainly concerned with the mode of production, forces of production, relations of production and social consciousness. It is situated on the scientific view that course of history socioeconomic formation can be predicted on the basis of material needs and conditions of a society. This scientific behavior of Marx economic theory distinguishes it from other theories. The object of this dichotomy is to explain the nature of economical production and human productive activity for survival. The distinction between them was initially stated in Part one of The German Ideology by Karl Marx and Engels in 1846. This economic theory of social system is so deterministic that limits and directs the human activity and ideology. In order to know the dialectical activity of superstructure and base, it is necessary to understand the disposition of base because of all human economic activity is founded on it. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979) states base as: The base of a society is the totality of the historically determined relations of production. Base is divided into two parts: forces of production and relations of production. Productive forces are characterized as those phenomena which influence the substructure or economical base. These phenomena are important for the stability of economic base and nature of base/substructure determines the superstructure. Thus both of these entities have dialectical character. This antagonistic relation between base and superstructure gives revolution an uplift. Individual becomes conscious when the other society fellows struggle frames the economic transformation with the corresponding changes in superstructure and base. So, changes in cultural institutions such as law, art, education, philosophy and religion correspond with the prior changes in the economic substructure. It is the ideology that designs changes in the behavior of workers. Conflicts in the productive forces and relations of production stimulate awareness in the owners of the laborers class. And due to this conflict a social transition results in a new form of society. Mode/Method of production quantitatively and qualitatively changes. In this developed form forces and relations of production fit precisely together unless working class becomes fully aware of the exploitation of their rights, laboring activity and extra working hours. Old superstructure collapses and transforms in relation to substructure making the antagonistic relationship between the employers and employee. The confrontation in the classes during the steadfast dialectical process in the history, arises the working class to take a stand against the ruling class, for example French Renaissance. Productive forces which have been changing technologically throughout the history. Beginning from the primitive communism to the present day era, handmade simple tools replaced by complicated machines. Modes of labor and skill also transformed. Man-power utilized in the mills instead of crops and fields from the first step of extracting crude material to the shaping and recycling, employers learned to manage the skillful and useful workers accordingly. This framed the society into different relations of production. Social formation is settled on how the forces and relations of production fit together. So every society has its own relations. More developed the society, more complex the relations are. Primitive society, concept of collective ownership prevailed. the concept of private property introduced class differences, class society into commanding masters and submissive slaves, In feudalism into feudal lords and serfs and in capitalism into bourgeoisie and proletariats. In all the se times producer has been used to produce capital goods which alienated him from his activity, production and surrounding. And the powerful gained control over the human laboring activity as well as the material goods. Though the dominant class is less in number than the dominated yet the money strengthens and legalize the authority of power-broker on police, media, law-abiding and other cultural institutions. This outspread mastery now rules the thoughts and beliefs of the citizenry. These beliefs are set by the ruling class according to their interests. The material base is headed by the ideological superstructure. These ideas cover political, theological, economical, legal, educational sides to justify divisions of class. It is the duty of the subordinates to serve the superior class though the workers are waged for their struggles. In order to legitimize their rule, they must seem as saviors who possess best managerial capabilities, which necessitate their existence to refrain the society from chaos. Unconsciously, in the most cases, people adopt the servile attitude and work for authorities willingly. Religion, in the course of human history, has been a key factor in making agreeable mindset in favor of the political parties, for example, geocentricism could not be criticized in the 17th century because of the church priests. Marx says religion as opiate of the class that dulls the mind. From early childhood schooling to the university level, this consistent indoctrination is tutored. This Engels called as false consciousness. The working class accepts the ideas as is, remains unaware of its interests thus suffers from alienation and exploitation. Conclusion They correlate when the productive activity is in interaction with needs. This means the mutual relations between the quantity and quality of the production. For example, in the industrial society, a huge man power working in the fields is replaced by the machines. Harvesters and tractors supersede the farmers. It made many skilful persons out-of-work. Their old knowledge does not correspond with the new technology. Quality of labor activity reduced and quantity of production increased. Now more food with better nutrition can be produced in lesser time. Skills of earlier stage of society do not coincide in their characteristics with skills of later stage. Society is administered by laws not based on laws. Its base is economy. People work and earn to live. Their interests and skills determine their choice of occupation. A single person cannot live without a society. He/she is an integral part of society, its norms, culture and attitude. People live together because it fulfils their needs too. Thus, livelihood is the key factor of social formation. Law, politics, norms, and others are second prior to economy. These are tied in by the material needs and prevailing productive techniques. This makes the whole mode of production. And consequently, change in the productive activity will precede an ideological change. Thus; this change in productive activity needs formulation of new laws or changes in prevalent legal commands of society to improve the status of life and agree with its requirements (cloth, food, dwellings). This is the classical example showing that superstructure reacts upon the change in the base. Intellectual ability, judgment, ideals and high level of cognition distinguishes humans form other beings in the nature. Their faculty of reason helps them to be habituated with the surrounding. They do not migrate to other lands just because of the intense weather or other usual changes in the environment as most birds do. Instead, they generate their ways of sustenance. Unlike animals, they develop their living standards. A human society is not just a mass of walking-talking bodies. They also have minds to think and evaluate with. Though they are combined in groups with common interests, it is natural that they develop a common understanding. Thinking is a subjective activity conditioned with biases and prior education. Being a part of a society, individuals think on different grounds. Every man is unique in his nature and builds his philosophy of life as he sees it. This philosophy is detrimental if imposed on others forcefully. Like elders in families, every society needs a body of leadership capable enough to maintain law and order. This part of society is called superstructure in historical materialism. Economic base is capped with the ideological superstructure. Forces of production regulate social relations of production not the other way around. These forces are

Emily Brontës Wuthering Heights :: essays research papers

Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights, a story of love and vengeance between two families for two generations. The Earnshaw family of Wuthering Heights, the Lintons of Thrushcross Grange, and the woman that stands between them, Nelly. These two families joined by love but separated by Heathcliff’s desire for vengeance against Edgar Linton who married the women he loves, Catherine. Wuthering Heights takes you on a ride through two generations seen through the eyes of one women, Ellen Dean (Nelly) telling the story to one man, Mr. Lockwood. Emily Brontà « depicted wonderfully the dark nature of mankind brought out by their unforgiving nature and their desire for revenge. The story starts off with Mr. Lockwood going to Heathcliff’s house in Wuthering Heights interested in buying Thrushcross Grange. Mr. Lockwood meeting hostility in the house, had to stay overnight at the house because of dense fog. When Mr. Lockwood went to sleep, he made a encounter with a ghost in his dreams signaling the start of this wonderful story. Wuthering Heights is the home to Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley, Joseph, Nelly, Heathcliff and Catherine. At Thrushcross Grange, consisted of the Lintons with two children name Edgar and Isabel. The plot in this story starts off simple as the reader would think that this story is just another one of those stories which the disadvantage guy falls in love with the girl he loves and ends up getting married. True, but the plot that built up this ending is what made this story truly special. The characters of Nelly, Cathy (daughter of Catherine and Edgar), Hareton, and Heathcliff the villain which we must all sympathize with is the most shining characters in this story. Nelly, the constant character in this story, we all must admire because of her morals and values, sometimes had me hating her mainly because I can sympathize with Cathy at her age, being naive with love while Nelly refusing to keep a secret between the two. Cathy stands out as the most strongest character in this story. Her brightness, strong will and rebellious attitude outshine her own mother in character. She stands in the middle of the quarreling between Heathcliff and Edgar while trying to meet her love, Linton (son of Heathcliff and Isabel). Hareton represent the innocent lost in this conflict as raised up to be rough and tough while possessing a soft heart. His character is so intriguing to me that someone that can be raised up to be mean-spirited like Heathcliff can be such a caring and sensitive character. Heathcliff’s character was so hated that I

New Computer Build :: essays research papers

New Gaming and Over Clocking Computer Build Building a new computer can be quite complicated and time consuming. You should take just as much care in researching each component as you would installing them into your system. It is crucial that the component fit your purpose, provide stability, and work well with the other components you select. For my system, I have chosen components that have been thoroughly tested and approved by respected people in the technology field.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The centerpiece of this system is of course the motherboard. I wanted something that was cutting edge but also stable. Ease of use is important, as well as compatibility. I plan to do some over-clocking so this feature was also of great importance to me. After sifting through many reviews I rested on the ASUS P5AD2 Premium, because of its immense offerings and satisfactory reviews. This board supports all of the latest features including SATA, PCI-Express, DDR2, and it accepts the new socket 775 Pentium 4. These features will allow me to use the fastest hardware made for consumers today and hopefully allow this computer to play the latest games for years to come. The board also comes with an impressive list of onboard features. It incorporates 8 channel onboard sound which will suit my needs and save me the expense of buying a separate sound card. It also has two onboard gigabit Ethernet ports and, onboard wireless G with an external antenna which should more than handle anyone’s networking needs. This motherboard has the most advanced feature set I could find available. ASUS has also made great advancements in over clocking with this board. All you need is the most recent bios and you can now unlock the clock multiplier on the Prescott Pentium 4. Until now this was only achievable through the use of an AMD processor but now offers this option with the newest Pentium family. Because heat has been a problem with the Prescott processors ASUS has also introduced â€Å"Stack Cool† this is simply placing another PCB on the underside of the board to dissipate heat. This helps improve stability and increase the life of components.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the processor I have chosen the Intel LGA775 Pentium 4 550. This 3.4 GHz, 800MHz front side bus processor is a very good choice for over-clocking and even at stock speeds it screams. Although the Prescott processors don’t score much higher than the Northwood processors in benchmarking at stock speeds, the over-clocking factor really comes into play here.