The Positive Aspects of the Cold War 1946 - 1991...

Although the Cold War had many negative influences on global society, it also helped to create a stable political world, as evidenced by the fact that during the Cold War era, civil wars, nationalistic uprisings, and ethnic cleansings were almost non-existent. As well, the world economic situation was subsequently greatly improved by the military build-up caused by the Cold War. The implementation of the American Marshall Plan and the Communist Molotov Plan, the nuclear arms race, and the global military build-up all served to create global political stability and economic prosperity. The Marshall Plan created by United States Secretary of State George Marshall and the Molotov Plan created by Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov were†¦show more content†¦The Missile Crisis developed in 1962 because Fidel Castro believed that America would soon try again to invade his country. He asked the Soviet Union for help in defending his island nation. The Soviet Union replied by sending small arms, tanks, and infantry units to Cuba, as well as secretly transferring nuclear missiles to missile silos that were under construction in Cuba. The Americans were shocked when one of their U-2 spy planes discovered the nuclear silos under construction in Cuba because it meant that for the first time the Soviet missiles were within range of most major U.S. cities, including Washington, D.C. This created a very difficult problem for American President John F. Kennedy for which he needed to find a solution. He could not allow the missile silos to finish being constructed because tha t would place the United States in danger. That meant that either he would have to try diplomatic means to attempt to negotiate the removal of the weapons, or he would have to use the might of the American military to remove the weapons by force. Neither option looked particularly favourable. The Joint Chiefs of Staff (the Presidents military advisors) urged a swift and strong military invasion to destroy the silos before the Soviets could react. Kennedy was concerned, however, of the possibility of Soviet nuclear retaliation for the invasion because invasion was clearly an act of war. Up until that point, neither side had been willing to risk directShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesStory of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The EvolutionRead MoreGame Theory and Economic Analyst83847 Words   |  336 Pagesrealities by linking them to operational research. A last group of applied mathematicians working around the University of Michigan tried to create a bridge between the statistical approach of decision-making theory and the new theory of games through experimental tests. Among them, emerged the names of Thomson and Raiï ¬â‚¬a. But the most suggestive aspect of this history is probably the behavior of Von Neumann himself. Working with the Manhattan project, and having left Princeton, he looked skepticallyRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesaccounting community may be less able to fulfil these roles in the coming years. In part this reflects a more general decline in the academic world as falling relative salaries and status have reduced the intake of talented academic entrepreneurs. But I also think it reflects the cumulative impact of regulatory and careerist pressures in the academic world itself. With government agencies pressing for ever more standardized and conventional research and with increasingly instrumental careerist Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesboth formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesConcepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational BehaviorRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesBuilding Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUP SKILLS 438 8 Empowering and Delegating 439 9 Building Effective Teams and Teamwork 489 10 Leading Positive Change 533 PART IV SPECIFIC COMMUNICATION SKILLS 590 591 Supplement A Making Oral and Written Presentations Supplement B Conducting Interviews 619 Supplement C Conducting Meetings 651 Appendix I Glossary 673 Appendix II References 683 NameRead MoreCase Studies: Sas Airline Ryanair80169 Words   |  321 PagesHow did the deregulation of air transportation in Europe foster entrepreneurial behavior and innovation in the European airline industry over the last twenty years? Case studies: SAS Airline Ryanair Master Thesis in Entrepreneurship and Dynamic Business Contexts Spring 2007 Supervisor: Hà ¥kan Bohman Entrepreneurship Master Program Authors:
Gilles Helterlin and Nuno Ramalho
Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to all who have contributed to the realization of this Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . 90 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 5—Strategic Planning—Thinking and Doing. . . . . . . . . . . 93 Planning Strategically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Planning—The Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Environment—The Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Values and Culture . . . . . . . . . . .Read MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagescompetencies to select and implement different strategies, including business-level, corporatelevel, acquisition and restructuring, international and cooperative strategies. Thus, appropriate strategic actions help the firm to survive in the long run as it creates an d uses competitive advantages as the foundation for achieving strategic competitiveness and earning above-average returns. The case method that we are recommending to you has a rich heritage as a pedagogical approach to the study and understandingRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesDynamic Environment of HRM 2 Learning Outcomes 2 Introduction 4 5 Understanding Cultural Environments 4 The Changing World of Technology What Is a Knowledge Worker? 6 How Technology Affects HRM Practices 6 Recruiting 7 Employee Selection 7 Training and Development 7 Ethics and Employee Rights 7 Motivating Knowledge Workers 7 Paying Employees Market Value 8 Communications 8 Decentralized Work Sites 8 Skill Levels 8 A Legal Concern 8 Employee Involvement 20 How Organizations Involve Employees 20 Employee

Essay about Socrates Much More Than A Legend - 1378 Words

Around the fourth century BCE, philosophy in Ancient Greece arose rapidly. This early form was speculative, so it was based entirely off the reasoning process without any factuality involved. While the Hellenistic Era approached, philosophy was taken to a whole new level. During Greece’s Golden Age, Socrates emerged expanding on these basic beliefs by using his inquisitive mind. Although Socrates’ ideology set the basis for western thought, his dedication to his beliefs brought him about as a polarizing figure in Athens. With Socrates’s ability of daringly questioning people’s fundamental beliefs, came a brand new reputation. He was the first person to present the idea of a distinction between the body and the soul (Huffman 567). In†¦show more content†¦For the very first time, he regretted teaching valuable concepts. Not many people plan to get along with everyone they meet considering that every person is unique. However, Socrates intended o n completing this goal without complaining at all. He married his wife Xantipe who was aggressive at all times, not focusing on how he could live with such a woman. As time progressed on, he began to try to understand his wife’s lifestyle (Zannos 31). Socrates claimed everybody has something unusual about them, so others should just accept it. In fact, he himself was beyond normal when compared to a typical person in the polis. When aroused with a conflict, Socrates would go into a trance-like state, forgetting all of the events taking place in reality (Zannos 31). Hours would have passed before he had come up with an answer (All of his fellow men would have left). While he strolled the Athenian Sports grounds, he looked forward to picking up debates with anyone (Sacks OL). The victim would get caught up in his argument, in the end being forced to reflect on their present and past life (Nardo 42). After Socrates had thoroughly sifted him, the conversation would come to a pea ceful end. Never had any other citizen gotten his way while discussing an issue with him. According to Plato, this wise man wouldn’t insist on hearing any tales that were related to the gods behaving in an immoral manner (Huffman 567). Due to the fact that this went against his beliefs, itShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing The Ways That Plato Is An Unusual Epic Hero946 Words   |  4 Pagesskill. His name was Socrates. In ancient Greece, Socrates was the most famous celebrity. Today, Socrates is perhaps more famous than any epic hero. In an article entitled, â€Å"Celebrities of the Ancient World,† Robert Garland says, â€Å"The fact remains that Socrates was one of the best known Athenians of his day.† His disciplines of thought have influenced almost every aspect of modern society. Traces of Socratic method can be uncovered in modern school systems and in the media. Socrates is an unusual epicRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On The Greek Philosophy1128 Words   |   5 PagesRuiheng Jiang HU 201 Professor Stoehr 9/28/2015 Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, the three original thinkers and intelligent teachers of ancient Greece, together made the Greek philosophy reach its highest state and also opened up a new world of western philosophy and culture. Among three of them, Socrates was the very first one who appeared in history, and was the very first teacher and spreader of ancient Greek philosophy. His entire life was a legend that he had numbers of followers and students.Read MoreWhy Was Socrates Final Speech So Ineffective?1407 Words   |  6 PagesSocrates: Why was his final speech so ineffective? Although the Platonic dialogue chronicling Socrates death is called the Apology, many critics have noted that Socrates seems notably unapologetic throughout the speech, thus raising the ire of his Athenian listeners. Socrates is openly confrontational in his address to an Athenian jury of his peers, and his philosophical elitism seems designed to confirm, rather than disprove the image the prosecution had created of an unstable, dangerous, andRead MoreThe Father Of Modern Physics1414 Words   |  6 Pagespeople as prodigies or fathers of their field, but what really defines somebody as knowledgeable? I believe that Socrates even today is still thought of as one of the greatest philosophers of our time, taking up multiple students who became just as famous as himself through his teachings. Yet many people argue if he actually knew anything. To decide if the people who believe if Socrates is actually knowledgeable we first have to define knowledge. Knowledge is experience you have gained about a subjectRead MoreThe Socratic Problem Of Socrates1462 Words   |  6 PagesSocrates was born in 469 B.C.E., in Athens, Greece. He was a loyal citizen of Athens who also served as a soldier as required for Athens males. His philosophy, or as it was called, his Socratic Method, laid the stones for what became to be known as Western philosophy. However, Socrates remains one of the most powerful, yet misunderstood and enigmatic figures of philosophy. What is known about Socrates comes from writings of other philosophers, such as his follower Plato, and Plato’s student, AristotleRead MorePlato s Symposium : The Nature Of Love1320 Words   |  6 Pagesspeeches of Socrates, Alcibiades, and Aristophanes are of main focus, as their similarities and differences help the reader to decide the truth of the nature of love. Throughout the Symposium, the accounts of love vary from speaker to speaker. The speech given by Socrates differentiates from the viewpoints of Alcibiades and Aristophanes, as well as all of the other speeches given. While Alcibiades, Aristophanes, and the other speakers in the Symposium focus on love of the individual, Socrates speechRead Morean analysis of the qualifications of an Epic Hero887 Words   |  4 Pagespeople, and will always be studied whenever the topic of government or culture comes up. In these poems, or stories, there is always a hero that the story is centered around, often times even named for. These heroes include Achilles, Odysseus, Aeneas, Socrates, Gilgamesh, Beowulf, and Arthur; there are certain things about these men that make them heroes. Achilles is the ideal hero, the obvious hero. He is the son of a goddess and a man, a demi-god. He is handsome and kingly in stature. He is strong andRead MoreTaking a Look at Platos Republic1690 Words   |  7 Pagesof The Republic, Socrates sets out to answer not only what justice is, but also why we should be just. The first book sets up these challenges. The interlocutors engage in the dialectic similar to that found in other Platonic works. While among a group of both â€Å"teachers† and â€Å"students†, Socrates poses the question, â€Å"What is justice?† He proceeds to deny every suggestion offered in his usual fashion, showing how each contains contradictions [331c-337e]. As is also common, Socrates offers no definitionRead More The Symposium: A Philosophers Guide To Love Essay2101 Words   |  9 Pages The Symposium: A Philosophers Guide to Love As much as our society has become involved in the advancement of feminism and the equality of the sexes, there is one fact that neither gender can ignore; none can survive without the other. Love and the want of a soul mate keeps each member of man and womankind in constant search of the perfect person with whom to become one. Yet if this bond is a necessity of the human race then why has the meaning, purpose and pursuit of it eluded us for soRead MoreJohn Locke’s Theory of Personal Identity Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pagesterm was the immaterial ‘substance’, such as the ‘soul’. A particular thought experiment he used to explain his ideas on the ‘soul’ is regarding Nestor or Thersites; where someone believed that their soul once inhabited one of these men of the Trojan legend. Of this he says; ‘But yet the soul alone, in the change of bodies, would scarcely to anyone †¦ be enough to make the same man’ (Locke, in set book, p, 277). Establishing, that he believed the soul was an immaterial ‘substance’, although not necessarily

Proposal for Annotated Bibliography on Business Ethics Free Essays

Title: Annotated Bibliography for Proposed Project on Business Ethics Proposal There are many different opinions in todays world about the necessity and importance of implementing a business ethics oath for all who wish to work in the corporate world. Society would greatly benefit from the implementation of a business ethics pledge being sworn by everyone who graduates from business school. Corporate greed would start to dwindle and there would be many more moral and ethical leaders in todays corporations. We will write a custom essay sample on Proposal for Annotated Bibliography on Business Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now A business ethics pledge would help start corporate culture within todays leading businesses which can help not only keep a corporation ethical but help them to succeed financially and with their sustainability. Annotated Bibliography Gini, Al. â€Å"Business, Ethics, And Leadership In A Post Enron Era. † Journal Of Leadership Organizational Studies (Baker College) 11. 1 (2004): 9-15. Business Source Complete. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. In this article, Al Gini describes how the ethics f leadership affect the ethics of the workplace and helps to form the ethical choices and decisions of the workers in the workplace. Gini goes on to explain that the central problem of ethics in business today Schweiger 2 is the absence of positive moral leadership and the neglected development of a moral culture within the corporation. He credits these problems for the rise in corporate greed and unethical behavior that occurs in todays society and economy. Gini describes how in todays world the availability and opportunity to express corporate greed has grown extensively due to the lack of moral leadership and a ethical corporate culture. Wayne, Leslie. â€Å"A Promise to be Ethical in an Era of Immortality. The New York Times (2009). In this article, Leslie Wayne presents the idea that todays generations very different from yesterdays. Today students are more concerned about how corporations affect the community, the lives of its workers, and the environment. They are still concerned with making money just like any other businessmen, but not at the expense of others and not unethically. Wayne tells in this art icle how some schools have already made a business ethics pledge mandatory for all students, and how some students at other schools are taking the pledge by choice. Wayne provides good arguments and supports them with evidence for why business ethics pledges should be constitutionalized and taken by all entering the corporate world. Sims, Brinkham, Johannes. â€Å"Enron Enthics: Culture Matters more than Codes. † Journal of Business Ethics, Jul 2003. Vol. 45, Iss. 3; Pg 243. In this article, by Ronald R. Sims, Brinkmann, and Johannes, the topical issue is the Enron Scandal that occurs in 2001. The authors provide different viewpoints of the scandal and point out that in the eyes of the executive managers of Enron, their actions where completely ethical and legal. In fact, before 2001, Enron was actually praised for being an excellent corporate citizen and for obtaining a high standard of business ethics. Sims, Brinkmann, and Johannes suggest that some corporations look ethical to the public but in fact commit many violations of what is today called common business ethics. Heller, Nathan A. , and Victor L. Heller. â€Å"Business Ethics Education: Are Business Schools Teaching To The AACSB Ethics Education Task Force Recommendations?. International Journal Of Business Social Science 2. 20 (2011): 30-38. Business Source Complete. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. In this article, Nathan A. Heller, and Victor L. Heller identify their shared views on the failure of business schools to provide graduates with the ethical skills they need to be a responsible and educated leader. Heller and Heller define business ethics as how individuals, at all levels of the organization, make decisions and live their lives according to a standard of right and wrong behavior. They observe the fact that business schools take pride and market success of their graduates, but fail to take responsibility, for their ethical failures. Heller and Heller believe that business schools have encouraged their students to focus too much on analytical skills in order to maximize profits at all costs without consideration of the ethical implications of their actions. Carroll, Archie B. â€Å"Reflections On The Business Ethics Field And Business Ethics Quarterly. † Business Ethics Quarterly 20. 4 (2010): 715-717. Business Source Complete. Web. 18 Oct. 012. In this article, Norman Bowie, former president of the Society for Business Ethics (SBE), develops reasons for the reoccurring lack of business ethics in todays society. Bowie credits mostly the fact that when business is booming, that business ethics seem to erode and businessmen don’t seem to mind walking all over others. He also identifies that lack of business ethics, particularly within the top level executives, to be the major downfall of the last decade resulting in events like the Enron Era and the Wall Street Financial Scandal of 2008. This is and interesting article which identifies the problem areas and lack of business ethics and can be greatly expanded on. Brenkert, George G. â€Å"The Limits And Prospects Of Business Ethics. † Business Ethics Quarterly 20. 4 (2010): 703-709. Business Source Complete. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. In this article, George G. Brenkert expresses his beliefs that schools of business must play a more active role in directing the thinking of future managers to more ethical business behavior. He goes on to say that instead of focusing on profit maximization, businesses should focus on making meaningful work for employees. Brenkert identifies the fact that many businesses still have not accepted moral responsibility for the Wall Street crisis of 2008, ad some even go as for to blame the federal reserve and the government instead of looking in the mirror. He believes that businesses must foster a higher level of ethical behavior in order to avoid repeating this same financial crisis the future. How to cite Proposal for Annotated Bibliography on Business Ethics, Essay examples

Entrepreneurship in International Emerging Economies

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship in International Emerging. Answer: Introduction The mission of this task was to discover whether the entrepreneur matches the personality attributes. The personality and personal history lead people to become successful entrepreneur. There were various attributes of entrepreneurs that were noted from the interview. The first noted attribute is passion and motivation (Muralidharan Pathak, S. (2017). Attributes of Entrepreneur Passion is a fundamental trait in the entrepreneurship. This trait makes an entrepreneur to work on again and again without becoming bored. Also, it help keep entrepreneurs awake because they have not finished their work. It also makes an entrepreneur built and improve upon their strategies over and over. Passion further makes the entrepreneur to enjoy their tasks and continue to do it for a life (Molina, Ortega Velilla, 2017). The demonstration of passion as well as motivation determines the success of an entrepreneur in any entrepreneurial venture. Success for an entrepreneur is a function of passion as well as determination. It drives entrepreneurial activities from building and implementing prototype, to pitching his idea to venture capitalist. Risk taking is another key attribute of the entrepreneur. They are ready to drive deep into the future of the uncertainty. However, it has to be acknowledged that not all risk takers are successful entrepreneurs (Karwowski Stockhammer, 2017). What distinguishes a successful entrepreneur from others is that successful ones are willing to risk their time and money on unknown. They at the same time keep resources, plan as well as bandwidth for the dealing with the unknown unknowns in reserve. When a successful entrepreneur is evaluating risk he will ask himself whether the risk is worth the cost of his career, time as well as money. A successful entrepreneur will what he will do in case the said venture fails to pay off (Omisakin, 2017). A successful entrepreneur will also have such attributes as self-belief, hard work and disciplined dedication. An entrepreneur enjoy what he does and believe in himself and is confident and committed to his project. An entrepreneur, occasionally might show stubbornness in his intense focus on as well as faith in his idea. Yet the flip is his demonstrated discipline and dedication. The adaptability and flexibility is another essential attribute of a successful entrepreneur. It is better to be passionate and even stubborn regarding what to do. But being rigid about a client or market needs shall culminate in failure. An entrepreneurial venture is never simply around doing what one believe is good, but further making successful business out of the venture. Market needs remain dynamic: alterations are a repeated phenomenon. Successful entrepreneurs welcome every suggestion for optimization and customization which improves their offering along with satisfies client besides market needs. A product that is developed for oneself solely might qualify as a hobby, however, a product for market need to satisfy the needs of the market. Entrepreneur and entrepreneurship Choosing the right path is effective for individual who want to be either employees or entrepreneurs. Making a decision on the career path remains the single most significant choices one make in his life. A career which one is not solely successful in, but further enjoy doing will affect all the elements of ones life in a non-negative manner. But do people really explore every option prior to making a given decision. An average individual will switch career paths various times within his lifetime for numerous reasons. But when making a choice, it remains significant to regard all different variables which play out in a career, encompassing financial stability, job security and job market. A fundamental query which get neglected by numerous individual looking to begin a new career, or merely entering job market for initial time, is whether or not people want to be entrepreneur or employee. Indeed, most individuals struggle with distinction between two as they solely saw employment as choice which was available for them. People are usually encouraged to land a great job, and several of us do not think about establishing their individual employment by becoming business owners. Knowing the distinction between employment and business mindset is essential to fathoming which alternative would work for an individual and how being an employee or owner of a business can suit an individuals personality as well as goals. The key different between self-employment and employment is having extra control. An entrepreneur has extra freedom in making a decision on workload and work hours besides having less supervision with regards to how work is undertaken. An entrepreneur has to take on challenges and work hard to thrive but the outcome are worth struggle (Nielsen et al., 2017). An entrepreneurship is for people who are driven, want to take on challenges, want extra control of time and money, as well as thrive in happiness of building individual future, taking entrepreneurial path might be the unsurpassed choice. An entrepreneur has to get prepared to be responsible for every financial cost of organization, marketing as well as promoting oneself, and gaining clientele. Mentorship is significant to successful entrepreneurship as mentors teach and guide entrepreneurs through needs and responsibilities of industry Certain differences exist between entrepreneurs and employees. Being an entrepreneur revolves entirely around mindset. Differentiating an entrepreneur from an employ is appropriate. The first difference is that entrepreneurs enhance their skills whereas employees enhance their weaknesses. Entrepreneurs do not see weakness as bad thing like employees. An entrepreneur draws his strength from the weakness. An entrepreneur thrives on the lousy work since placing out lousy work implies that at least he is producing, and it is better to create and fail than not creating at all. Employees on the other hand remain under watchful eye of their bosses and strive for perfectionism with a view that no one needs a black mark (Terry, 2017). Entrepreneurs assert no to opportunities while employees embrace them. The distinction between successful individual and really successful individual is that really successful ones say no to almost everything (Schwens et al., 2017). Entrepreneurs delegate while employees practice the DIY. Entrepreneurs frequently look for means to get things off their corresponding plate as they are aware that monetary value of their time, and emphasize on things solely they can do. Employees on the other hand are opposite as they attempt to do everything themselves, and see it as weaknesses where they cannot juggle it all. The entrepreneurs mono-task while employees (try to) multitask. There is never such a thing as multitasking. Despite what employees need, such a statement is a self-evident truth. Entrepreneurs thrive on risk while employees evade it. An entrepreneur further believe in seasons while employees have a belief in balance. An entrepreneur is never threatened by smarter individual but hire them but employee are threatened by smarter people (Muralidharan Pathak, 2017). Various reasons make an individual to be entrepreneur than an employee or a professional. From the interview, several reasons stood out to influence ones decision to be an entrepreneur. People love to entrepreneurs to be able to set their individual schedule around their family lives. Some interviewees like a busy Mon of two said that she liked being entrepreneur because entrepreneurship avails flexibility to schedule clients around her childrens sport, school schedules as well as doctor appointments. Another interviewee chose to be an entrepreneur because it presents opportunity to take calculated risk on a passion. Another interviewee chose to be an entrepreneur because it allowed her to rediscover himself constantly. To her, entrepreneurship helped him discover his passion for what he is pursuing, his strength in challenging scenarios as well as his resilience in case of a barrier (Goyal, Sergi Kapoor, 2017). Another interviewee loved owning his own business and feels there is often something he can do to improve. Another interviewee chose to be entrepreneur since it allows him to literally own his destiny. He believed that it gave him chance to earn more money by working harder. Another interviewee chose to be an entrepreneur because it provides an opportunity to able to create something from nothing. He got to bring his new programs and ideas to his clients and to hard-working professional daily. Another interview got into entrepreneurship because it gave him the motivation and discipline to become the hardest-working version of himself (Bellavitis et al., 2017). Another interview preferred entrepreneurship since it provided endless possibilities where one can be as creative and innovative as he wants to be with most rewarding results. Another interview decided to be an entrepreneur because it allowed him to create his own definition of success. Another interviewee was attracted to entrepreneurship because it enables him respond to opportunities swiftly unlike his past corporate life whereby making decision could be prolonged that the said opportunity really vanished before every party might get together to reach a decision to proceed (Shepherd Patzelt, 2017). Conclusions The conclusion I made from the understanding entrepreneurship and entrepreneur in terms of attributes of an entrepreneur and reasons why people choose to being entrepreneurs instead of employees. As revealed above, it is clear that GEM principles aligns to the attributes of an entrepreneur. Specific attributes are necessary for one to be a successful entrepreneur and this has been affirmed by the principles of GEM (Anggadwita et al., 2017). This interview has greatly impacted my intended approach to the project. After having understood the various reasons why people choose entrepreneurship rather than employment, I will subsequently, focus my project on entrepreneurship rather than employment. References Anggadwita, G., Anggadwita, G., Luturlean, B. S., Luturlean, B. S., Ramadani, V., Ramadani, V., ... Ratten, V. (2017). Socio-cultural environments and emerging economy entrepreneurship: Women entrepreneurs in Indonesia. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 9(1), 85-96. Bellavitis, C., Filatotchev, I., Kamuriwo, D. S., Vanacker, T. (2017). Entrepreneurial finance: new frontiers of research and practice: Editorial for the special issue Embracing entrepreneurial funding innovations. Goyal, S., Sergi, B. S., Kapoor, A. (2017). Emerging role of for-profit social enterprises at the base of the pyramid: the case of Selco. Journal of Management Development, 36(1). Karwowski, E., Stockhammer, E. (2017). Financialisation in emerging economies: a systematic overview and comparison with Anglo-Saxon economies. Economic and Political Studies, 5(1), 60-86. Molina, J. A., Ortega, R., Velilla, J. (2017). Feminization of entrepreneurship in developing countries. Muralidharan, E., Pathak, S. (2017). Informal institutions and international entrepreneurship. International Business Review, 26(2), 288-302. Nielsen, S. L., Nielsen, S. L., Gartner, W. B., Gartner, W. B. (2017). Am I a student and/or entrepreneur? Multiple identities in student entrepreneurship. Education+ Training, 59(2), 135-154. Omisakin, O. M. (2017). Economic Contributions and Challenges of Immigrant Entrepreneurs to Their Host CountryCase of African Immigrants in Auckland, New Zealand. Journal of Business Administration Research, 6(1), 25. Schwens, C., Zapkau, F. B., Bierwerth, M., Isidor, R., Knight, G., Kabst, R. (2017). International Entrepreneurship: A Meta?Analysis on the Internationalization and Performance Relationship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. Shepherd, D. A., Patzelt, H. (2017). Researching Entrepreneurial Decision Making. In Trailblazing in Entrepreneurship (pp. 257-285). Springer International Publishing. Terry, T. (2017). Reasons Why BTU Has Good Building Services!!. Entrepreneurship in International Emerging Economies Question: Discuss about theEntrepreneurship in International Emerging Economies. Answer: Introduction: Steve Jobs can be considered as the most influential entrepreneur of this generation. The man with the extraordinary qualities such as visionary, inspirational, brilliance has become one of the most successful entrepreneurs. With the help of Jobs extraordinary vision and urge for business he had established a company which is now considered as the most valuable company in the world. Along the way he also revolutionized various other industries as well and changed the way we live. Because of his various accomplishments his name has become synonymous with the words entrepreneur and visionary. The most astonishing fact about this great entrepreneur is that he believed market research and focused groups will limit the ability to innovate. If he was asked how much research was conducted before launching iPad he always used to say none. These are the proper quality of an entrepreneur, the ability to take limited risk, optimism and flexibility and adaptability to situations and these are es sential. Now days, entrepreneurship plays a very important role in the growth and development of both emerging economies of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) and the industrialized countries. The role played by an entrepreneur has been analyzed from a number of viewpoints. However, presently only a few commonalities exists when analyzing individuals for reasons of being an entrepreneur (Kiss et al. 2012). The broad purpose of this report is to analyze the various factors present in the BRIC countries that promote entrepreneurship among the individuals. In the simplest form of definition entrepreneurship is the act of starting a new business. Entrepreneurship can be considered as an instrumental component for the process of growth and development among both the industrialized as well as the emerging economies (Gupta et al. 2014). Reasons for Becoming an Entrepreneur: There are a number of advantages prevailing in the BRIC countries that attracts the entrepreneurs. The acronym BRIC was first used by Jim ONeil in during late 2001. Then he was the head of economic and Policy Research at Goldman Sachs. The four BRIC countries were segregated from the congregation of other emerging economies on the basis of their potential demographic features and economic prospects. According to Kim and Li (2014), these will help these countries to stand out among the crowd and rank higher among the worlds largest and most flourishing economies in the 21st century. These four BRIC countries that is Brazil, Russia, India and China comprises 40 percent of the total worlds population which is near about 2.8 billion people (Hoskisson et al. 2013). These countries cover more than a quarter of the total worlds land area and contribute to more than 25 percent of the total worlds GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The BRIC countries are a very important contributor in economic growth and this is the reason for which these countries are considered as the emerging economies. According to Borker(2012), the main three drivers of economic growth are land, labor and capital these factors are also termed as factors of production. The population taken together with the demographic condition of a country is one of those factors that may affect the potential size of the economy. This factor may also depict the competence to perform as the steam engine of growth. During the year 2003, Goldman Sachs predicted that by the end of 2050 China and India would be the first and third largest economies in the world while Brazil and Russia will occupy the position of fifth and sixth (ChadeeRoxas, 2013). Figure: Development Indicators of the BRIC (Source:Kiss et al. 2012) Studying the development indicators of these BRIC countries as depicted above, it clearly depicts that the comparative advantage of starting up new ventures in these emerging economies. It is also clear from these indicators that China is growing at the fastest rate and has the highest GDP. This is attracting investors from the developed economies as well for opening up new venture (Becker, 2013). Moreover, in the case of Brazil, it is a country that is significantly reach in terms of resources like oil, commodities, minerals, gas etc. The country is also very famous around the world for being the largest exporter of coffee, sugar and poultry. Brazil is extravagantly rich with resources and there are various fields that still remain unexplored by the entrepreneurs, which can be very profitable. Most of the economists consider Brazil as a pricey economy (Marquis Raynard, 2015). Presently, Brazil is the main and a very important exporter of a number of raw materials and the country is a leading partner with the US economy since the year 2009. In this country the currency is expensive and interest rate is also high. The per capita income of Brazil is $12000 which is more than that of the Chinese economy (Becker, 2013). One of the most important resources in which Brazil is richer compared to any other countries is oil. It is expected that Brazil may have the tenth largest oil reserve in the world and it is called the next Saudi Arabia. These above stated features are also attracting the entrepreneurs from all over the world towards these countries. Business is more profitable in these countries rather than being an employee. After these countries get fully industrialized then job opportunities in these countries will become bigger. Quality Required for Becoming an Entrepreneur: There are a number of qualities that must be possessed by an entrepreneur in order to become successful. As the entrepreneurs are always faced with challenges from every corner, perseverance is a necessary quality that an entrepreneur should obviously possess. Apart from thisself-discipline, passion,and confidence are also required for running a whole new business or an existing organization successfully. Conclusion; In order to conclude, it can be said that, the report has covered the nooks and corners of entrepreneurship in the BRIC countries. It is quite evident that investing in the BRIC countries will definitely be fruitful and this is the reason why individual will invest in those countries and become an entrepreneur rather than becoming an employee. The essential qualities that an entrepreneur should possess have also been discussed briefly in this report. Reference List: Becker, U. (2013).The BRICs and emerging economies in comparative perspective: Political economy, liberalisation and institutional change. Routledge. Borker, D. R. (2012). Accounting, culture, and emerging economies: IFRS in the BRIC countries.Journal of Business Economics Research (Online),10(5), 313. Chadee, D., Roxas, B. (2013).Institutional environment, innovation capacity and firm performance in Russia.Critical perspectives on international business,9(1/2), 19-39. Gupta, V. K., Guo, C., Canever, M., Yim, H. R., Sraw, G. K., Liu, M. (2014). Institutional environment for entrepreneurship in rapidly emerging major economies: the case of Brazil, China, India, and Korea.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,10(2), 367-384. Hoskisson, R. E., Wright, M., Filatotchev, I., Peng, M. W. (2013).Emerging multinationals from Midà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Range economies: The influence of institutions and factor markets.Journal of Management Studies,50(7), 1295-1321. Kim, P. H., Li, M. (2014). Seeking assurances when taking action: Legal systems, social trust, and starting businesses in emerging economies.Organization Studies,35(3), 359-391 Kiss, A. N., Danis, W. M., Cavusgil, S. T. (2012). International entrepreneurship research in emerging economies: A critical review and research agenda.Journal of Business Venturing,27(2), 266-290. Marquis, C., Raynard, M. (2015).Institutional strategies in emerging markets.The Academy of Management Annals,9(1), 291-335.

Tourism promotes understanding free essay sample

Can international tourism promotes understanding between nations? BY 611 loll Every year, hundreds of millions of people move around to see a different part of the world. It is natural to assume that tourists who have seen other countries have a better knowledge of the people. That assumption also leads to the conclusion that international tourism promotes understanding between nations. How true is this? Let us examine what tourists do in a different country.First, before going abroad, tourists are often told by their travel agents of the possible shards which sometimes include local people. They are given example of extreme cases where victims are always the travelers. Then, when they arrive, they are immediately taken to their hotels in big coaches. They flood places where local people dont go. Their shopping, meals, entertainment all take place in secluded areas. They wear a bubble all the way. Apart from speaking to the guide and a few shop assistants, tourists rarely talk to the local people. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism promotes understanding or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To make it even worse, they meet pickpockets, they are ripped off by dishonest traders. Furthermore, very few local people bother to talk to them out of a genuine Interest In the guests country, people and culture. Therefore, when asked how much they know about the local people, their answer Is very little. If someone really wants to understand a different culture, he has to learn Its language, stay there for at least a few month without wearing a bubble, learn how to curse and swear, bargain with a vegetable vendor and then he can say that he understands the people.

Does Mills principle of liberty forbid redistributive tax essays

Does Mill's principle of liberty forbid redistributive tax essays Does Mills principle of liberty forbid redistributive taxation? Would it make the principle more acceptable or less acceptable if it did? Mills first maxim in On Liberty is a persons right to complete freedom over their self regarding actions. He repeatedly tells us that an individuals freedom to do and think as he pleases is an absolute right which should not be interfered with through legal or moral coercion unless the action is causing harm to others The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others Surely any form of taxation is violating peoples right to liberty, as they are having the freedom of choice taken away from them. Surely even taxation as a form of showing societys disapproval of consumption of a certain good such as alcohol is coming very close to breaking his idea of absolute freedom over actions which only affect the consumer. Mill writes that the taxation of goods which are positively injurious to the consumer are justified. He justifies this assertion on a few grounds; he says this is a way of expressing societys disapproval of certain actions. The state while it permits should nevertheless indirectly discourage conduct which it deems contrary to the best interests of the agent There are many ways in which society can show its disapproval of an action, Mill normally suggest this should be done by allowing free speech so that people can discuss and advise people on matters. It doesnt seem to me that taxation can be reconciled with his maxim of liberty on the ground of showing societys disapproval. Mill does say that some taxation is necessary in order to run the government and law courts something he says is necessary for any civilised society. On the ground that some level of taxation is necessary for society to work as w...

Discussin question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussin question - Essay Example This scope gives way to: record a patient’s up to date status, to approve continuing tests, services, treatment, or equipment, which give sophisticated directives for health care, and for giving privileges for disabled persons. Gagliardi is behind a number of Legislative efforts following the national healthcare restructuring as having been more defined. She evaluated how the state should prevent child mortality from abuse, a compound issue pitting counties and the state against each other in several ways. As a vice chair of the Human Services Committee and House Health, she organized many other efforts in her legislative session. Gagliardi sponsored a couple of measures to permit Medicaid repayment for services offered by nurses in Colorado, which were implemented and signed by Governor Ritter in 2008. Further, she proposed to lower the minimum age for blood donors to 16years throughout the state. This has improved the health care sector as masses of people can now donate blood as compared to some years back. Most importantly, she made advances to put medical records online. American Nurses Association. (2012). Nurse State Legislators & Administrative Leaders Directory. Nursing World. Retrieved 21 Nov 2012 from

Examine the role of social media in customer relationship management Essay

Examine the role of social media in customer relationship management 02221 - Essay Example Twitter, Facebook, etc (Holzner, 2008). The complete interactions that take place through the social channels provides various information to small companies, which can be utilized to enhance their services, products, as well as overall approach towards their business (Evans, 2012). Companies are required to value social media as well as realise that it is a two-way or joint process. If they choose to utilize social media like the customer centric stage, they can’t avoid complaints or the negative comments. In reality, one in three Twitter and Facebook user consider that companies should reply to the social grievances within two hours. People have some hopes, and companies should meet those hopes or expectations. Social media is considered as the newest channel by which companies can interact with the target customers (Sponder, 2012). Customer relationship administration/management is referred to the tactics, practices, and technologies, which organizations or firms use to record, manage, and assess customer interactions or communications to drive the growth of sales by enriching and deepening relationships with their entire customer base. The systems of customer relationship management are designed in order to collect customers’ information across various channels such as company’s website, live chat, marketing materials, telephone, social media, and live chat (Boulding et al, 2005). The systems of CRM can also provide customer-facing employee detailed data, buying preferences, and purchase history. Companies need to make sure that the analysis and storage of their customer facts and data must encompass a highest degree of security against identity theft, cyber criminals as well as other violations of securities (Chen and Popovich, 2003). From the company’s viewpoint, the whole relationship includes the direct communication aspect, for example service and sales related processes, and

The buying back of shares by companies is a dangerous financial Essay

The buying back of shares by companies is a dangerous financial strategy as it increases the company's gearing ratio - Essay Example Besides increasing the gearing ratio of the company it impacts important ratios. The impact of leveraged buyback of shares on Vodafone Plc has been explained with the help of qualitative and numerical analysis. The EPS graph of the company has been shown for a five year period to highlight the rise in the earnings per share due to a stock repurchase program. The deterioration in the important financial ratios like interest coverage, return etc has also been shown with the help of suitable graphs. Introduction An announcement of a share repurchase by a company is valued highly by the market participants interpreting it as a ‘buy signal’ for its stock. So the company has good reasons to buy-back its stocks but sometimes these share buyback programs go awry. Despite the popularity of such programs as evident from the recent buyback deals there are concerns whether the firm or the shareholders derive any gains from it. One reason favouring the buyback deal is that at any poi nt of time the surplus cash lying with the management can be used for buyback of shares thereby returning the funds to the shareholders. It has been seen that idle cash makes the managers complacent so buying back of shares can be one way of instilling confidence among the investors. From the view-point of the company stock buyback results in increased Earnings per share (EPS), share price and increases the value of â€Å"executive stock options† (Ogilvie, 2006, p.51). However, the share buyback strategy can be dangerous if the company finances the buyback of equities using borrowed funds. Financing buyback using loan stock may look tempting in the short term but some years down the line the company has to pay back the loan. In the event of an economic recession the company will have to struggle with fund shortage. A rise in the share price, increase in company EPS are all good signs but not at the cost of endangering the position of the company in the future. The board of di rectors must keep the interests of the shareholders in mind while considering share buyback programs. Evidence behind share repurchases A significant research has been conducted especially in the area of share repurchases. The evidences from this research indicate that there is a strong market response on the announcement of share repurchase program. In the studies conducted by Asquith & Mullins (1983) and Damn et al (1981) it has been shown that the market responds positively to stock repurchase announcements, be it in the form of an â€Å"open market repurchase† or â€Å"a self tender offer†. There have been abnormal returns in the case of share repurchase offers. A study on long term market returns, by C.J. Loomis analysed the repurchase offers during the period 1974 to 1983. His studies revealed that the shareholders of the companies that undertook stock repurchase programs earned a compounded yearly return of 22.6% with the S&P 500 reporting a return of 14.1% duri ng the same period. Though the above evidences support a positive response to the share repurchase offers some papers some papers have highlighted the negativity associated with such programs. As per the papers against share repurchase, the stock repurchase decisions by the company manifest signs of poor financial and operating performance, in fact it signals that the

Raymond Carvers Short Stories Mine Little Things

Raymond Carvers Short Stories Mine Little Things Analysis of Raymond Carvers Short Stories Mine Little Things The word genre is derived from the French word kind or class. Genre is a term which is used to identify a form of literature. It is widely used in rhetoric, literary theory, media theory and linguistics (Chandler). It is an elaborative classing system. There are different kinds of Genre but the one used in this story is a narrative short story (Genre Types). Essay is a short piece of writing, a literary device for saying almost everything. It can be literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, etc. This short story can be categorized as a dialogue essay. Critical Analysis Both the stories narrate the incidence of a fight between a husband and a wife. The reason for the discontentment is not mentioned in the story but it clearly describes the argumentative dialogues of the husband and the wife (Chandler). The arguments take hype when both start fighting for the possession of their little baby. The story starts with an angry quarrel as the man prepares to walk out of his house leaving his wife and trying to snatch his baby from the wife. Their hatred for each other demonstrates itself as a physical struggle over their baby, with each parent pulling on an arm until the baby is seriously injured (Chandler). The story Little Things is more descriptive and describes the situation more clearly. The story Mine leaves on the reader to decide certain things i.e. the reader has to make guesses after reading the story and arrive on conclusions. The second story, appealed me the most as it describes the situation in the story in a much better way and helps the reader to understand it very clearly (McDermott). The version Little Things is better than the version Mine because it is more elaborative and descriptive. It describes the emotions of the husband, wife and the baby more deeply than the version Mine. This version clearly describes the happenings in the story and the conversations between the husband the wife (McDermott). There are a few word alterations, omissions and paragraphing changes in the version Little Things, but the focus is on the beginning and ending paragraphs where the most important changes occur, which strengthen the story. It explains the emotional attachment of the parents with the baby and their fight because of this emotional relationship (McDermott). The Readers response theory can be applied for the version Mine, in which the reader has to find out the conclusion and analyze the situation, thus it requires more constructive participation form the reader. But it does not describe the situation clearly, which is a big shortcoming of this version (McDermott). The version Mine focuses on the sun and the revised version on weather, which is much broader and enables the reader to make more affiliations. It arouses the humanistic element by evoking expressions such as under the weather or heavy weather that are used to describe health in emotional agitation (McDermott) The omission of whose chubby face gazed up at them from the picture on the table is a vast improvement, as shifting the emphasis from the baby to the picture of the baby was a great mistake in the version Mine. The scuffle is over the baby and not on the picture; the shift causes a loss of momentum. In the last sentence also, shifting to passive expression strengthens the meaning (McDermott). This is a subtle change, but modifying they decide the issue to the issue was decided shows the lack of control the parents have, as they are not deciding anything. Thesis statement Based on the above discussion, following thesis can be stated: The two short stories entitled Mine and Little Things written by Raymond Carver consist of narrative genre and can be termed as Dialogue essays. The version Little Things is more appealing than the version Mine (McDermott). The two versions of the same story entitled Mine Little Things describe the situations prevailing between the husband and the wife, while they are having a feud for the possession of the baby. The version Little Things is considered to be more impressive as it is more elaborative and descriptive and describes the whole situation more clearly. It gives a better understanding of the story to the reader. It shows a clear picture of the emotions of both the husband and the wife for their baby (McDermott). Mine reflects the dramatic action of the story. This title is so explicit in representing the action, as the parents fight for the baby reminds of how children fight for their possession. On the other hand, the title Little Things is a commentary on the character of the parents for putting such selfish needs (wining possession) ahead of the babys welfare. Thus, Little Things is an improved version of Mine (Chandler). Work Cited Genre Types. 2007. http://www.falmouth.k12.ma.us/uploads/File/balancedliteracy/Genre%20Types.doc Chandler, Daniel. 2002. An Introduction to Genre Theory http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/intgenre/intgenre1.html McDermott, Steven J. Feb 2004. Storyglossia: The Art of Short Stories. http://www.storyglossia.com/blog/archives/2004_02_08_archive.html

Nanotechnology :: Science Scientific Nanotechnology Papers

Nanotechnology Before I can really address this topic properly I have to answer â€Å"What is Nanotechnology and why the hype?† Currently the term nano has been thrown around a lot in recent years. Mostly this is the desire of researchers to grab the research money that is out there and using buzz words do help turn heads. Nanotechnology is a grab bag of different fields of science. It takes from condensed-matter physics, engineering, molecular biology and large swaths of chemistry. Even the government was convinced by the hype to create The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a multi-agency program intended to provide a big funding boost to nanoscience and engineering. But what constitutes nanotechnology research? Even scientists have a hard time with that question. "It depends on whom you ask," Stanford biophysicist Steven M. Block told at a symposium on nanotechnology. "Some folks apparently reserve the word to mean whatever it is they do as opposed to whatever it is anyone else does." But what most scientists seem to agree on is what is considered Nanotechnology. Which is the future manufacture of molecular size materials, devices and possible machines. On the other hand many leading scientist that are pushing for the development of nanotechnology see it as molecular manufacturing or, more simply, building things one atom or molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic robotarms. The reason we have this great interest in using nanostructures stems comes from the idea that superior electrical, chemical, mechanical or optical properties may be achieved at these smaller scales. Also biological and medicine research in the nanotechnology area is on its way. One company, Quantum Dot Corporation, has already has been doing research in semiconductor quantum dots as labels in biological experiments, drug-discovery research, and diagnostic tests, among other applications. Nano is receiving enthusiastic scrutiny from some big companies in the Standard & Poor's 500-stock index. Led by IBM, Lucent Technologies, and Hewlett-Packard, along with Samsung and Siemens , big industrial companies are pumping significant sums into nanotech research, as are governments around the world. Buckyballs--those soccer-ball-shaped carbon molecules discovered in 1985 by a team led by Rice University's Richard E. Smalley--are roughly 1 nm in diameter. Carbon nanotubes are about 1.4 nm thick. The latest entrants: slightly fatter nanotube-like wires made from silicon, gallium nitride, and other semiconducting materials. These nanotubes are showing some of the most potential for use in both research and applications ranging from computers to ultra high strength cables.

How to Develop Self Confidence

How to Develop Self Confidence By andre7514, eHow Member boosting self confidence. User-Submitted Article Do you wanna develop more confidence? Do you wanna be comfortable with life and people? Read this article for great tips on how to be confident and become a pro at confidence. Difficulty: Moderately Easy Instructions Things You'll Need: †¢New Clothes †¢Haircut †¢Smile 1. 1 increasing self confidence everyday! Being able to become self confident can take you many places. Learn to fake a smile every time you are around people, even if you don't feel you need to. This will show people that you interested and a friendly person. . 2 wearing clothes. Keep yourself looking good, whether its making your hair look good, buying a new outfit, getting new shoes, or etc. 3. 3 build self confidence. Always, look straight ahead and do not look down, don't look around feeling self conscious of what everyone thinks. Think positive thoughts about yourself. 4. 4 confidence and self e steem. Pretend that you know the people that you meet. You can fake it until you make it! Give the impression that you are very social and love to meet people. Give the impression to people that you are a great person to be around, wherever you go.Get out there and show people how great and confident you are! www. lumosity. com Ads by Google Tips ; Warnings †¢Learn to fake a smile daily. †¢Always keep your image beautiful and updated. †¢Always look straight and think positive thoughts. Read more: How to Develop Self Confidence | eHow. com http://www. ehow. com/how_2254894_develop-self-confidence. html#ixzz16t1v2O14 How to Increase Self Confidence By cobrakai, eHow Member User-Submitted Article Self confidence is vital to be successful in a relationship, the workplace and really life in general.There's no exact way to measure self confidence, but there are proven ways to increase self confidence. Difficulty: Moderately Easy Instructions 1. 1 Change or remove the negati ve components that surround your life. Don't let others bog down your life and keep you from reaching the success you have in front of you. Recon negative environmental factors in your life that influence how you feel about yourself. Sometimes this will mean shedding bad friends from your life or even making a whole new change in your social circle. 2. 2 My next step or tool for you to become confident is to change â€Å"what you can. Looks are not as important to mature adults as many think, but what we do with our looks does matter. You may never have the celebrity looks, but you can make the best with what you were given. Go to the gym, or run, or do yoga. Anything that will make you feel better about yourself and your body. Don't complain that you have no boyfriend/girlfriend yet you're overweight or spend no time taking care of yourself. Don't do it for anyone else, do it for yourself. Self confidence will only go up if you can look in the mirror and know you're giving it your all. 3. 3 Quit procrastinating in your life.Well what does procrastination have to do with someone being becoming confident you might ask? You can't build a high state of confidence if you're stressed out because you waited to the last minute to do a college essay or pay the electric bill. There's so many examples I could point out, but the less you leave till the last minute, the more you have time for the fun stuff in life. Stress is a confidence killer. 4. 4 Buy something that makes you feel hot about yourself. You know that feeling you get when you have on a nice shirt, some nice jeans or ladies a really nice outfit that just makes you feel sexy about yourself?You wear that outfit to work, or school or with that special someone, you just feel and do better that day. That is easy self confidence. There's no need to go change your wardrobe and only buy really expensive clothes, but everyone should have one outfit that they can put on to give themselves a little extra pep in their step. 5. 5 Remember that you like yourself and you're always looking for ways to improve yourself. When I stumbled upon self compliments, I turned a new page in my quest to become a more confident person. Every day tell yourself that you like yourself or that you are a great person 10 times.EVERY DAY. It'll become habit after awhile and it'll become cemented in your sub-conscious and your self confidence will multiply by leaps and bounds. You have to like yourself first and foremost before you can care how anyone else feels about you. Just simply look at the amount of celebrities who have all the fame and money, but yet run their lives into the ground with drugs or alcohol because they dislike themselves. 6. 6 Forgive yourself and others. I had to let go of a lot of bad feelings I had about what I'd done/not done in my past and how others treated me in my past.You can't change the past and it'll only keep your progress limited if you keep harboring bad feelings. Forgive yourself an d others. Let yourself find peace and you'll make room for more self confidence in your life. Develop Confidencewww. instant-confidence. com 4 scientifically proven techniques to give you confidence and power How to Do Meditation? www. SilvaLifeSystem. com Easily Learn How to Meditate Download Free Meditation Audio Brain Testâ„ ¢www. lumosity. com Developed by Neuroscientists Improve Memory and Attention Communication Skillswww. 8ack. com Director & Executive Level – Presentation Skill Training – Dubai Ads by Google

The Power of Authority essays

The Power of Authority essays Authority is a power that has been shown through many different ways in history and in present day. In the play The Crucible Arthur Miller shows how the power of authority was shown in Salem, Massachusetts in the late 1600s. Throughout The Crucible Arthur Miller illustrates authority through the authority of the court in Salem, the authority of the Puritans church or religion, and how authority was shown through Judge Danforth. Another way that the power of authority can be shown throughout the play is through the power of the court that ruled and decided who to be convicted as a witch. The people of Salem in the play had a prodigious fear of the court in [there] country. (Hale pg.98) The fact that they had a fear of the court showed that it had authority because of the fact that the people were all afraid of the courts power. During the play the court charged and jailed many citizens on the acquisitions of being witches or being associated with the devil. When the many people were jailed there were many orphans wondering from house to house; abandoned cattle [bellowing] on the highroads; and the stink of rotting crops [hung] everywhere. (Hale pg.130) This economic breakdown of the city of Salem shows how the court had authority because it shows how the power of a small assembly of court officials can turn a city into a economic disaster all because of a court order. The court in Salem showed many people too many frightful proofs in court (Hale pg.71) which lead to the peoples believe that the their lives [rested] upon the justice of the court. (Hale pg.71) This also proved the courts authority because it allowed the people to see that the court had the power to give death warrants based on a small amount of proof. The court of Salem, in The Crucible, was one of the leaders of authority throughout the play. ...

Free Essays on Judy Chicago

Chicago is one of the world’s most notable feminist artists. In 1970 Judy Chicago and CalArts professor Miriam Schapiro founded the Feminist Art Program. The first project completed by Chicago and program volunteers was a work entitled Womanhouse. Chicago and her team remodeled an abondoned house and turned it into a series of environments that represented women’s traditional household roles. Chicago has chosen to present these rooms as works of installation art, using art forms typically regarded as crafts. The Womb Room is a perfect example, the walls of the room are crochet, a technique usually view as women’s art. Womanhouse is quite typical of Chicago’s work. Throught it she is examining women’s roles throughout history, and presenting it with art form pioneered by women. Soon after the completion of Womanhouse Chicago began work her most notable installation, The Dinner Party. With team of over 400 volunteers Chicago created a huge triangular dinner table, 48 feet on each side, complete with place settings, to honor women’s achievements throughout history. Again Chicago has used a typical domestic scene to present women’s history. The table has 39 place settings, each representing a goddess, historic figure, or otherwise important woman. Though many of the names are unknown to most people, Chicago believed these women should be as well known as their male counterparts. In addition to the 39 women represented with place settings, the â€Å"herratige floor† in the center of the work is covered with hundreds of names of other important female figures. Again in this work Chicago has presented traditional women’s crafts as fine art pieces. Each unique place setting in completed with embroidered table runner, and hand painted china. The china paintings, all designed by Chicago herself, feature symbolic representations of the vulva and butterflies. As you move around the table the china paintings rise... Free Essays on Judy Chicago Free Essays on Judy Chicago Chicago is one of the world’s most notable feminist artists. In 1970 Judy Chicago and CalArts professor Miriam Schapiro founded the Feminist Art Program. The first project completed by Chicago and program volunteers was a work entitled Womanhouse. Chicago and her team remodeled an abondoned house and turned it into a series of environments that represented women’s traditional household roles. Chicago has chosen to present these rooms as works of installation art, using art forms typically regarded as crafts. The Womb Room is a perfect example, the walls of the room are crochet, a technique usually view as women’s art. Womanhouse is quite typical of Chicago’s work. Throught it she is examining women’s roles throughout history, and presenting it with art form pioneered by women. Soon after the completion of Womanhouse Chicago began work her most notable installation, The Dinner Party. With team of over 400 volunteers Chicago created a huge triangular dinner table, 48 feet on each side, complete with place settings, to honor women’s achievements throughout history. Again Chicago has used a typical domestic scene to present women’s history. The table has 39 place settings, each representing a goddess, historic figure, or otherwise important woman. Though many of the names are unknown to most people, Chicago believed these women should be as well known as their male counterparts. In addition to the 39 women represented with place settings, the â€Å"herratige floor† in the center of the work is covered with hundreds of names of other important female figures. Again in this work Chicago has presented traditional women’s crafts as fine art pieces. Each unique place setting in completed with embroidered table runner, and hand painted china. The china paintings, all designed by Chicago herself, feature symbolic representations of the vulva and butterflies. As you move around the table the china paintings rise...

Internal Control of Accounting System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Internal Control of Accounting System - Essay Example The propensity for loss is great irrespective of the nature of the fraudulent activity. Fraud threatens the stability of a business as it leads to significant financial losses. According to Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, employee theft accounts for 7% of typical businesses losses (Chorafas, 2001). Accounting professionals are the trusted advisors for business clients. It is upon the accountants to educate business clients about the risks associated with fraud, and the significance of good internal controls and how to implement internal controls. This paper discusses suggestions for overcoming the lack of segregation of duties that are often present in small businesses due to inadequate staff. The paper further explains the important role business owners and independent accountants play in creating a good internal control environment. The paper discusses red flags, which may be indications of fraud along with several reports that are helpful in monitoring and reviewing financial records (Vona, 2011). The accounting system offers businesses with a constant way in which to use their data and financial material. A system of control is essential as it controls the three key partitions within the accounting system. These segments include the design, analysis, and implementation. Internal control is a system within a system and it plays a major role in the success of the accounting system.  An accounting system controls businesses from fraud and abuse by ensuring that information employees relay timely and accurate information and that all the accounting processes meet set regulatory requirements. This paper discusses how internal controls are set and how the control system functions (Basingstoke, 2004).

Why did God become man in Jesus Christ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Why did God become man in Jesus Christ - Essay Example How the death of Jesus Christ, as a man, could become an act of redemption for all human beings is further explained by St. Athanasius. It is revealed that â€Å"in His death all might die, and the law of death thereby be abolished because, having fulfilled in His body that for which it was appointed, it was thereafter voided of its power for men.† And this became the completion of a circle that started when man was banished from the Garden of Eden with the cure of death fallen upon him. And this is why as Corinthians 15:22 says, â€Å"in Adam, all die† but in Jesus, all resurrect. Such an intervention by God became imperative just because man had once â€Å"shared the nature of the Word† but the same man was now the slave of corruption, made so by the â€Å"deceit† of the devil. As the second coming of Jesus as indicated in the Messianic prophesy, is to impart the â€Å"final death blow† to Satan, this second coming in all possibilities will not be in the form of man again. The Revelation 001:007 of the Bible has made a record of this second coming and has said, â€Å"behold, he is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see him, including those who pierced him.† From the allusion to the clouds, it is clear that Jesus is not coming the second time as a man, a mortal. Hence it has to be concluded that only the first coming of Jesus is the first and last instance in which he is coming as a mortal. This is the real rarity of the situation.

Hist up 10 1877 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hist up 10 1877 - Essay Example The way in which he established a policy to expand westward was to first slash the minimum amount of land that a farmer had to purchase. Originally a farmer had to purchase 640 acres, by 1832 a farmer only had to purchase 40 acres and the price per acre was slashed substantially. This made a strong financial incentive for settlers to steadily move west. In regards to how Jefferson viewed the West as being crucial to the well being of the republic, it is the case that he believed that scores of in small scale farmers that would be active participants in the American democracy. These people would help contribute to both the economic health of the country but also contribute to democratic health of the American Republic. #2-A) In regards to the first statement I am inclined to agree overall. Whilst there may have been an original plan to settle the west it may also be the case that Jefferson’s plan had been altered over time. With British colonial expansion in the Pacific North W est it may be the case that Westward settlement would have been seen as a defensive expansion. There was a significant increase in population across the Eastern seaboard and expansion would be a natural means to alleviate these pressures.

Functionalism in Family Essay Example for Free

Functionalism in Family Essay It wasn’t until I was eight years old that I was finally adopted. My adopted family, who I consider to be my real family, taught me a lot. They help shape and mold me into the person that I am today. According to our class textbook, â€Å"the family, in its many varying forms, is present in all human cultures† (Schaefer, pg. 306). The family is impacted by all three sociological theories. In my paper I will discuss the impact that all three of the theories. Functionalism, Conflict and Interactionism, have on the social institution of family. I believe that the social institution of family is what makes us who we are. It helps to form our personality and our lives when we become adults. My family taught me how to make moral decisions in my life, how to become an independent individual in society and how to manage a family of my own. I pretty much do not follow one exact theory. I agree with many of the different aspects of all three theories. The first theory I will discuss will be the Functionalist theory. As outlined by William F. Ogburn, the family is meant to perform six paramount functions as follows: * Reproduction Protection * Socialization * Regulation of sexual behavior * Affection and Companionship * Provision of Social Status I agree with Ogburn on many of these functions. I think that the family teaches you companionship and how to form an affectionate relationship with someone. I also agree tone of the main functions of a family is Reproduction. God says in the Bible that we are to be fruitful. It is our duty to reproduce to make more beings on earth. My family also serves as a security blanket for me. I know when all else fails my family will always be there for me and take me back with no questions asked. The functionalist theory affects the views of an individual in a family in many ways. To me it makes them a more stable person, with more traditional views. Functionalism does not leave too much room for social change within a family. Usually units of a family have a set of beliefs that they were raised on and consider the norm for them. TO stray from this would be abnormal and not right. Functionalism was a strong belief years ago when things were more traditional. This was just the way of life. This theory to me would be one of the main reasons why many people are against things such as gay marriage, unmarried couples having babies and shacking up and unwed mothers. On the other side of the spectrum we have the Conflict theorists. â€Å"Conflict theorists view the family not as a contributor to social stability, but as a reflection of the inequality in wealth and power that is found within the larger society† (Schaefer, pg. 292). Although I do agree with many of the aspects of the Functionalist theory, I agree with some of the points that the Conflict theory makes as well. I know for a fact when I was a child, my brother got away with murder. There were things that I couldn’t do that my brother could do because he was a boy. I had a friend who parents wouldn’t allow her to go anywhere, she had to go to High School down the block from her home, she couldn’t go to the mall until she was 18, and she was forced to go to college near home. Going away to college was a no- no for her as far as her parents were concerned. However, her younger brother went to a High School way across town from their house, he was hanging out at the age of 13, and he went away to college hours from their house. Many families in many cultures tend to be male chauvinistic, and bring out about inequality between the sexes. This was the way of life in the United States at a time. The man was the one who went out and worked and brought home the bacon. There were things that a man could do that woman couldn’t. The man was the sole provider and the authoritarian. Nowadays, women have just as much say so as men do. I have much power and authority in my family. My kids consider me and their stepdad to be equals. We make decisions and compromises on many things such as the bills, household needs and the children. Although there has been great change in this shift of power from man to woman in a family, there are still some situations where things have not change as much. Studies have shown that â€Å"for every stay-at-home dad there are 38 stay at home moms† (Schaefer, pg. 292). The conflict theory affects the views of individuals in a family because the man a sense of power and authority. It makes the women out to be subservient to her husband or to man period. It lends to situations such as Domestic Violence. I came across an article by Kathryn Yount and LiLi, it discusses Egyptian women’s justification of Domestic Violence. In a study done, â€Å"5,450 women in Egypt, they found that one half justified wife hitting or beating for some reason† (Yount, 2009). It is the conflict theory that leads many women to believe and justify Domestic Violence. There is little change for social change with the conflict theory. As described in our textbook, â€Å"conflict theorists al so view the family as an economic unit that contributes to social injustice† (Schaefer, pg. 292). Society view women as subservient and believe their role to be that of a woman in the kitchen cooking, barefoot and pregnant. Last but not least we have the Interactionalist theory. Unlike the conflict and the functional theory, this theory observes the relationship between individuals in the family and how they interact with one another. â€Å"In a study of both black and white two=parent households, researchers found that when fathers are more involved with their children (reading to them, helping them with their homework, or restricting their television viewing), the children have fewer behavior problems, get along better with others and are more responsible (Schaefer, pg. 293) The relationship between family members can determine the outcome of one’s behavior. This theory provides a lot of knowledge on fixing problems in a family. My son was acting up in school and I could not figure what his problem was. When my fiancee and I became more involved with him and his work, having join Boy Scouts, and talking to him one on one, his behavior changed. I received less and less calls from his teacher about him acting up in school. In family matters: the importance of mattering to a family in adolescence, Gregory Elliott, â€Å"demonstrated that the lack of mattering in one’s family contributes to the degree of connectedness one feels to the social order (Churchill, 2010). Relationships between family members matter a lot. I have a friend who had a horrible relationship with her mother. In turns she had a bad relationship with her daughter, and her daughter has a bad relationship with her daughter. Tough love was a major problem in their situation. The Interactionist has the greatest affect on family member’s views. It makes one more open-minded and understanding. It leaves plenty of room for social change within a family. By studying the relationships between family members we will be able to substantiate behaviors and why certain things happen. Society will in turn change their views on family life and accept change and different forms of families. Many people find it strange that it doesn’t matter to me that my kids biological farther refuses to pay child support and I still want him to see his kids as much as possible. I came across a study done by Yoshi Sano, Leslie Richards and Anisa Z’vonkovis in the Journal of Family Issues. I found that â€Å"Contrary to some father’s claims that mothers gate keep their access to children, the majority of mothers in the study just wanted increased father involvement. The mother’s desire for active father child interaction was not dampened by their frustration at the lack or irregularity of child support payment, which mothers tended to accept given the lack of economic opportunities in rural communities† (Sano, Richards, et. al, 2008). I believe that out of all three theories interactionism teaches one the most and has the greatest impact on family. We can learn from our interactions with one another and others as well. Functionalism is different from all three because it just basically believes that the family has basic functions. It doesn’t go on any evidence or studies. The Conflict theory believes that family brings about conflict. Its sole purpose is to cause inequality between the sexes. The social institution of family is affected by all three of the theories. I feel that and truly believe that it would benefit best form the interactionist theory. This can be backed up by studies and research. It will help to make society more understanding. References Churchill, C. (2010, February). Family matters: the importance to family in adolescence. Choice, 47(6), 1168.

Effect of Blast Loading On a Person Protected By Body Armour

Effect of Blast Loading On a Person Protected By Body Armour Executive Summary The ballistic threat has been presented to military forces for hundreds of years in one form or another, from spears to bomb fragmentation. A lot of work has gone into countering this ballistic threat and the protection currently provided is very good. The standards of body armour ballistic testing is rigorous. Due to the modern asymmetric battlefield that modern military personnel now face, the threat has evolved. More often, the personnel are being subjected to blast from improvised explosive devices emplaced by irregular forces. This paper will review the some of the research that has been carried out into the effects of blast loading on a person protected by body armour. British Army studies show there was a higher incidence of primary blast injury in fatally injured soldiers wearing body armour that in civilian bystanders (Committee on Testing of Body Armor Materials for Use by the U.S. Army 2012) involved in IED incidents in Northern Ireland. This paper will explore the effects of blast loading on a person wearing body armour. Introduction. Soft body armour is designed primarily to protect the wearer from the most dangerous battlefield threat, projectiles, and fragmentation, with the 3 main testing standards for body armour (NIJ (U.S. Department of Justice 2008), HOSDB (Croft Longhurst 2007) and STANAG 2911 (North Atlantic Treaty Organization 2015)) only specifying testing criteria for ballistic protection. Due to the increasing use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in modern asymmetric warfare, there is a growing risk of personnel being subjected to blast associated injuries (Tranchemontagne 2016). This paper will review the effects of blast loading on a person protected by body armour; this will be broken down into: Theory of blast impact, Research into blast loading on different materials. Theory of blast impact. Blast waves are generated from the rapid expansion of gases produced during an explosion during which a shock wave, travelling faster than the speed of sound, propagates from the source of the explosion omni-directionally. One of the most important characteristics of a blast to consider is peak overpressure, which is, in effect, the strength of the blast. A further and equally important characteristic is the positive impulse duration, which determines the time that the force will be imparted on any object or structure. Both the peak overpressure and the positive impulse duration need to be known to effectively calculate the effects of a blast on an object. If you have two blasts of equal peak overpressure but one is acting for longer, the total force imparted on the object will be greater for the longer impulse and will affect the object more. Figure 1 shows an ideal blast wave representation. The pressure increases almost instantaneously to the peak overpressure and decays over time , a negative pressure phase then follows. Fig 1. Ideal blast wave resulting from an explosion in air. (Goel et al. 2012) The effect a blast wave has on a person is complicated due to how the blast wave interacts with the irregular shape of the human body. Blast wave diffraction around the human body results in a complex pressure load on the body all of which need to be understood to successfully gauge how a wave will affect a person. Figure 2 shows how a blast wave interacts with an irregularly shaped object, such as a human body. Fig 2. Illustrating the blast wave interaction with an irregularly shaped object. (Gibson 1989) Initially, a portion of the blast wave is reflected from the front of the body. The outer parts of the shock wave continue and diffracts around to the rear of the body where they are weakened. Rarefaction waves move across the front of the body (1), reducing the peak pressure of the reflected wave whilst vortices form at the rear of the body (2) and (3). The complicated gas flow means that the body is loaded for an extended time (Gibson 1989). The injuries caused by this peak initial pressure/positive impulse duration are known as primary blast injuries (PBI). The organs most susceptible to PBI are the gas-filled organs such as the ears, the lungs, and the gastrointestinal tract. The mechanism of injury on these organs is a form of barotrauma, which is an injury, caused by the pressure differential of the internal organs and the outer surface of the body at the moment the pressure wave impacts. Blast waves can be sub-divided into stress waves and shear waves. Shock waves are a special type of stress wave, which are longitudinal like sound waves but travel much faster, and cause primary blast injury (PBI) of the lung and small bowel. Shear waves are trans- verse waves, characterised by long duration, low velocity, and cause compression of visceral structures. In the abdomen, stress waves cause damage at the microscopic level, whereas the shear wave causes tearing of the tissues due to gross body wall and visceral motion. Laceration of solid abdominal viscera is related to very high blast loading (Housden 2012). Research into the effects of blast loading on a person protected by body armour. An interim report produced by the US Army Natick RDE Centre in 1989, titled Response of Clothing Materials to Air Shock Waves (Gibson 1989) provided remarkable insight into blast loading of high impact shock waves. The report focuses on testing the then, in-service body armour of the US Army (The Personnel Armor Systems, Ground Troops (PASGT)). The report covered four areas: Blast wave characteristics, Blast biology, Blast protection, Blast attenuation by porous and compressible materials. The main objective of the report was to ascertain how blast waves interacted with PASGT and it stated there was previous evidence that the materials contained within the body armour were causing a blast amplification effect. Initial thoughts were that this amplification might have been due to how the blast wave propagated through the multi-layered design of the armour. The report described the construction of the body armour (13 layers of Kevlar ® 29 cloth sandwiched between an inner and outer nylon shell fabric). The report explains that the armour was designed purely to provide ballistic protection and no thought had gone into providing protection against blast effects. The reports main focus was the lack of protection afforded to the wearer of the body armour from enhanced blast weapons such as Fuel-Air Explosives (FAE). A person can sustain injuries from a blast with overpressures that result in ranges as little as 10 20 psi whereas a typical FAE event can produce much more substantial psi, as high as 300. In this circumstance, the lack of protection armour would provide to the wearer was highly concerning. Prior to this report, a lot of basic work on the response of mammals to blast waves had been conducted by The Lovelace Foundation, The Research Institute of National Defence (Sweden), and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. This work identified how various characteristics of the blast can vary the effect of the blast on a body, such as the orientation of the body in relation to the blast wave. In one study conducted by Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, human volunteers were subjected to low level blast waves. The volunteers internal lung pressure was measured during the study whilst wearing several different types of protective clothing. The study showed that the volunteers wearing the PASGT body armour gave test measurements showing the greatest increase of internal lung pressure. This would suggest that the body armour would increase the risk of lung damage at higher blast overpressures. This study was extended to higher blast overpressures using sheep instead of human volunteers. Half of the sheep were fitted with PASGT body armour. During this testing, the level of damage to the sheeps lungs was measured by the percent increase of the lung weight. An assumption was made that this would directly relate to the blast damage. This extended study showed that the sheep wearing body armour displayed far greater blast damage to their lungs than the unprotected sheep. Analysis of the experimental data on how shock waves were transmitted through layers of material showed that there was a significant increase in the reflected pressure when compared to testing were no fabric was present. There was a trend of the pressure increasing in line with the number of layers of Kevlar or cotton present. This continued to a certain point. It was noted during these experiments that there was not significant difference between the increases of pressure when using layers of cotton compared to layers of Kevlar. This suggested that the type of material was not as significant as the number of layers and the density of the fabric. Analysis of the computer modelling showed an increase in peak internal lung pressure of around 50% between the unprotected chest model and the model wearing the body armour. A point to note, the experimental data compiled shows a measured increase of 20% in the human volunteers wearing the body armour compared to the unprotected volunteers. This disparity could be due to the difficulty in modelling the complex reaction of blast waves influencing a human body. The report concluded that soft body armour does not offer wearers protection from blast effects. On the contrary, the wearing of soft body armour may actually increase the blast effects on the personnel wearing the armour. The report does indicate that this counter -intuitive phenomena might be reduced with the introduction of hard armour plates to the body armour. A more recent confirmation of these findings were detailed in a journal article titled, Shock Enhancement Effect of Lightweight Composite Structures and Materials (Zhu et al. 2011). This review looks at the broader range of lightweight materials that are used to provide protection (namely ballistic). The author concludes that the research into the effects of lightweight materials is still very limited but the evidence still points to shock enhancement when using multi layered soft armour as PPE. A further study into shock attenuation was made following clinical studies into the increasing reporting of brain injury and not pulmonary injury following blast exposures. The article titled, Attenuation of Blast Pressure Behind Ballistic Protective Vests (Wood, 2012). This article concludes that following shock tube testing on two variants of body armour (NIJ Level 2 soft armour and NIJ Level 4 hard armour); results show a substantial increase in protection to the torso against blast injuries whilst wearing these armours. The behind armour overpressures were reduced by a factor of 14.2 and 56.8 for the NIJ 2 and NIJ 4 body armour, respectively. Conclusion This paper presents a review of the effects of blast loading on a person protected by body armour. A vast majority of the experimental data shows that the wearing of soft body armour enhances shock waves and the person is subjected to much higher peak overpressures. The combinations of differences in impedance between the atmosphere, the layers of fabric, the body itself, and the gas filed organs is likely to cause this phenomenon. Figure 3 shows the effect of interfaces in relation to shock waves. Using the shock impedance equation, you can show what is likely to be causing the enhancement of the blast. Stress is conserved across the interface between the air, the body armour, and the person: Z1 = 0 (Air) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ´ à Ã†â€™2 = 2 x à Ã†â€™1 Assuming that the torso was of a similar impedance to the body armour, the next interface would be the gas-filled organs, which again would be of a lower impedance. This would result in the release of a tensile wave within the chest cavity, which could cause spalling of tissue with an increase of up to a factor of 2. Fig 3. Illustration of the effect of interfaces (Appleby-thomas 2017). Although there are many reviews on this subject, most of them seem to be focused on historical work. Teland (2012) noted that most of the blast injury prediction models are based on the Bowen curves, the Bass curves, and Axelsson BTD model. The report mentioned that there were many disadvantages and limitations to using these models and there is a need for further experimentation produce more reliable data. This may be due to the Computational models of how blast waves interact with the body armour and the wearer can be used but the theoretical models are limited. Using extrapolated data from experiments involving humans has limited uses because of the restriction on the size of blast you can subject a volunteer to without them becoming injured. The use of animals is of limited use due to the form fit of the body armour and the different anatomical makeup of the animals. Throughout the reports, reviews and articles studied during the writing of this paper, it is clear that a need for further study has been identified. Whether these recommendations have been carried out or not is not clear, there are no open source reports providing evidence; it may be that the information is classified. References Committee on Testing of Body Armor Materials for Use by the U.S. Army, 2012. Testing of Body Armor Materials: Phase III U.S. Department of Justice, 2008. Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor. NIJ Standard-0101.06. Croft, J. Longhurst, D., 2007. HOSDB Body Armour Standards for UK Police (2007) Part 2: Ballistic Resistance. NATO Standardization Agency, 2003. STANAG 2920 PPS (Edition 2) Ballistic test method for personal armour materials and combat clothing. , pp.1-F2. Tranchemontagne, M., 2016. The Enduring IED Problem. Why we need doctrine. Goel, M.D. et al., 2012. An abridged review of blast wave parameters. Defence Science Journal, 62(5), pp.300-306. Gibson, P.W., 1989. Response of Clothing Materials to Air Shock Waves. Housden, S., 2012. Blast injury: A case study. International Emergency Nursing, 20(3), pp.173-178. Zhu, F., Chou, C.C. Yang, K.H., 2011. Shock enhancement effect of lightweight composite structures and materials. Composites Part B: Engineering, 42(5), pp.1202-1211. Wood, G. W. (2012). Attenuation of blast pressure behind ballistic protective vests. Injury Prevention 19(1):19-25. Injury Prevention, 19(1): 19-25. Appleby-thomas, G.J., 2017. Introduction To Shockwaves Part 3 MSc EOE Transition To Detonation. , pp.1-45. Teland, J.A., 2012. Review of blast injury prediction models. Kashuk, J.L. et al., 2009. Bomb Explosions in Acts of Terrorism: Evil Creativity Challenges Our Trauma Systems. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 209(1), pp.134-140.